Medicinal Plants for HIV/AIDS

Science continues to grapple with the issue of HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). We recently heard how close they are to finding a cure. However, we have, in fact, heard this many times before.

While they work to find the elusive cure, the work of someone like Dr Sebi, who several decades earlier, won a court case proving he cures HIV/AIDS, continues to go unnoticed by the mainstream media. Dr Sebi’s emphasis was on the use of herbs to heal the body from any affliction, including HIV/AIDS.

The value of using medicinal plants for HIV/AIDS should not be ignored. Below is a table compiled by M. Krishnaveni published in the Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(12),5367-5379, providing a list of plants that have shown anti-HIV properties and the active components in most of these plants.

Table 1. List of Medicinal plants with Anti – HIV activity

S.No	Plant name / family name	Compound name	Activity	References
1	Acer okamotoanum / Aceraceae	Flavonoid- Gallate ester	Anti-HIV-1 integrase activity	Kim HJ et.al 1998[55]
2	Ancistrocladus kor upensis / Ancistrocladaceae	Michellamines A and B	Inhibits reverse transcriptase, cellular fusion and syncytium formation	Boyd MRet.al 1994[56]
3	Agardhiella tenera / Areschougiaceae	Sulfonated polysaccharides	Inhibits HIV cytopathic effect	Witvrouw M et.al1994[57]
4	Achyrocline satureioides / Asteraceae	Dicaffeoylquinic acids: 3,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid, & 1- methoxyoxalyl-3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid	Irreversible inhibition of HIV-1 integrase	Zhu K et.al 1999[58]
5	Arctium lappa / Asteraceae	Wedelolactone, a coumarin derivative; Orobol	Inhibits HIV-1 replication; blocks cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1	Yao XJ et.al 1992[59] Bulletin of the World Health Organization 67 (6): 613-618,1989[20]
6	Arnebia euchroma / Boraginaceae	Monosodium and Monopotassium salts of isomeric caffeic acid tetramer	Inhibits HIV replication	Kashiwada Y 2000[60]
7	Acacia mellifera / Leguminosae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
8	Azadirachta indica / Meliacea		Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
9	Albizia gummifera / Legiuminosae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
10	Aloe barbadensis / Liliaceae	Acemannan -Polymanoacetate	Reduce symptoms associated with HIV	Mc Daniel et.al 1988[62]
11	Aleurites moluccana / Euphorbiaceae	Prostratin-a phorbal ester	Anti HIV activity	Gustafson KR et.al 1992[63]
12	Artocarpus gomezianus / Moraceae		Anti HIV activity	Jagtap and Bapat et.al 2010[64]
13	Artocarpus reticulates / Moraceae		Anti HIV activity	Jagtap and Bapat et.al 2010[64]
14	Artocarpus heterophyllus / Moraceae		inhibition of HIV-1 RT activity	Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65]
15	Allium sativum / Liliaceae		effective against HIV infection by inhibiting virus replication,Inhibitory activity against HIV 1RT	Harris et al,2001[66] Kun Silprasitet.al2011[65]
16	Acorus calamus / Acoraceae		Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT	Kun Silprasitet.al2011[65]
17	Asparagus officinalis / Asparagaceae		Anti HIVactivity, Inhibition of gp120 binding	Anuya A Rege et.al 2010[67]
18	Andrographis Paniculata / Acanthaceae	Diterpene lactones (andrographolide) Andrograpanin -Bis-andrographolide ether	Inhibit cell-to-cell transmission, viral replication and syncytia formation in HIV-infected cells,Inhibition of HIV protease & reverse transcriptase	Otake T et.al 1995[68] Calabrese Cet.al2002[69] Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618, 1989[20] Tamura S et.al 2010[70]
19	Areca catechu / Arecaceae	Procyanidin	Inhibition of HIV protease	Kusomoto IT et.al 1995[71]
20	Alternanthera philoxeroides / Amaranthaceae		Inhibitory activity against HIV	Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618, 1989[20]
21	Agastache rugosa / Lamiaceae	Agastanol and Agastaquinone	Protease inhibitor	Min BS et.al 1999[72]
22	Alpinia galanga / Zingiberaceae	1’S-1’-acetoxychavicol acetate	Anti HIV activity	Tamura S et.al 2010[70]
23	Anisomeles indica / Lamiaceae	Ovatodiolide	Anti HIV activity	Tamura S et.al 2010[70]
24	Ardisia japonica / Myrsinaceae	Ardimerin digallate	Anti HIV activity	Tamura S et.al 2010[70]
25	Artemisia capallaris / Compositae	Artemisidin A, Artemicapins A,B	Anti HIV activity	Tamura S et.al 2010[70]
26	B. micrantha / Euphorbiaceae		Inhibit RDDP & RNAse H	Pascal Obong Bessong et.al activity HIV -1 RT 2004[73]
27	Baccharis trinervis / Asteraceae		Inhibit early steps of virus replication, including virus-cell attachment, virus-cell fusion and cell-to-cell fusion	Sonsoles sanchez Palomino et.al 2002[74]
28	Boesenbergia pandurata / Zingiberaceae	Panduratin C, Uvangoletin	Anti HIV activity	Tamura S et.al 20100[70]
29	Bulbine natalensis / Asphodelaceae		Anti HIV activity	Afolayan AJ 2003[75]
30	Clusia torresii / Guttiferae	Polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives -Clusianone and 7-epi- clusianone	Anti HIV-1 activity	Piccinelli et al 2005[76]
31	Calophyllum lanigerum / Clusiaceae	Calanolide Calanolide A- Coumarins	reverse transcriptase inhibitor Anti HIV activity Inhibits reverse transcriptase	MaT et .al 2008[77] Laure F et.al 2008[78] CreaghT et.al 2001[79] Asres K et.al 2005[80] Kostova I et.al 2006[81]
32	Calophyllum braziliense / Clusiaceae	Calanolide A,B	Inhibit HIV-1 Reverse transcriptase activity	TamuraS et.al 2010[70] Huerta Reyes M et.al 2004[82] Garcia Zeadua Julio Cesar et.al 2011[83]
33	Celastrus hindsii / Celastraceae	Celasdin B	Anti-HIV replication activity, Anti HIV activity	Kuo YH 1997[84] Yang GX et.al 2005[85]
34	Callophyllum cordato oblongum / Clusiaceae	Cordatolide A and B (+)- Calanolide A	Inhibits HIV-1 replication Inhibits cytopathic effects of HIV-1	Dharmaratne HRW et.al 2002[86] Xu ZQ et.al 2000[87]
35	Combretum molle / Combreataceae	Gallotannin, Punicalagin	Inhibits HIV-1 reverse Transcriptase Anti HIV activity	Bessong PO et.al 2005[88] Bodiwala HS et.al2009[89]
36	Crataegus pinatifida / Rosaceae	Uvaol and Ursolic acid	Inhibits HIV-1 protease	Min BS et.al 1999[72]
37	Cinnamomum loureiroi / Lauraceae		Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT	Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65]
38	Curcuma longa / Zingiberaceae	Curcumin	Inhibition of HIV integrase	Berthelemy S et.al 1998[90]
39	Ceriops decandra / Rhizophoraceae		Inhibit virus adsorption	Premanathan M et.al 1996[91]
40	Cinnamomum aromiticum / Lauraceae		Inhibit virus induced cytopathogenicity	Premanathan Met.al 2000[92]
41	Coptis chinensis / Ranunculaceae		Inhibitory activity against HIV	Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618,1989[20]
42	Crataegus pinnatifida / Rosaceae	Uvaol and Ursolic acid	Inhibits HIV-1 protease , Anti HIV activity	Min BS, Jung HJ et.al 1999[72] Bodiwala HS et.al2009[89]
43	Charysanthemum morifolium / Asteraceae	Apigenin 7-O-ß-D (4 caffeoyl) flavonoid glucuronide	Inhibits integrase	Lee JS et.al 2003[93]
44	Castanopsis hystrix / Fagaceae	Galloylquinates,Galloylshikimates	HIV-RT inhibition	Chang CW et.al 1995[94]
45	Calophyllum inophyllum / Clusiaceae	Inophyllum B,P	Anti HIV activity	Laure F et.al 2008[78]
46	Calophyllum teysmannii / Clusiaceae	Calanolide B, Saulattrolide	Anti HIV activity	Laure F et.al 2008[78]
47	Caranga rosea / Fabaceae	Scirpusin A,B	Anti HIV activity	Yang GX et.al 2005[85]
48	Clausena excavata / Rutaceae	Clausenolide-1 ethylether	Anti HIV activity	Lee J S et.al 2003[93]
49	Coleus forskohlii / Labiateae	Forskolin, 1-deoxyforskolin	Anti HIV activity	Bodiwala HS et.al2009[89]
50	Coleus parvifolius / Labiateae	Rosmarinic acid, Rosmarinic acid methyl ether	Anti HIV activity	Bodiwala HS et.al2009[89]
51	Cratoxylum arborescens / Clusiaceae	1,3,8-trihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyxanthone	Anti HIV activity	Reutrakul V et.al 2006[95]
52	Croton tiglium / Euphorbiaceae	12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate	Anti HIV activity	Reutrakul V et.al 2006[95]
53	Detarium microcarpum / Leguminosae	Epicatechin Catechins 1-5	Anti HIV activity Inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity in a non- specific way	Mehmood Net.al 1993[96] Moore PS et.al 1992[97]
54	Drymaria diandra / Caryophyllaceae	Drymaritin		Wetzel I et.al 2009[98]
55	Dryopteris crassirhizoma / Dryopteridaceae	Dryopteric acid A, B		Lee J S et.al 2008[99]
56	Dracaena loureiri / Agavaceae		Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT	Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65]
57	Diospyros lotus / Ebenaceae	Gallic acid	Inhibitor of HIV 1 replication by targeting the viral proteins that mediate late steps of HIV replication	Lu L et. al 2004[100]
58	Erigeron Breviscapus / Asteraceae	Scutellarin	Inhibited HIV-1 replication	Wang Q et.al 2004[101], Zhang GH et.al 2005[102]
59	Epimediumgrandiflorum / Berberidaceae		Inhibitory activity against HIV	Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618,1989[20]
60	Eugenia jambolona / Myrtaceae		Inhibition of HIV protease	KusomotoIT et.al 1995[71]
61	Erythrina abyssinica / Leguminosae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
62	Erigeron breviscapus / Asteraceae	Humulus lupulus and Scutellarin	Inhibits HIV-1 replication	Wang Q et.al 2004[101], Zhang GH et.al 2005[102]
63	Eclipta prostrate / Asteraceae	Orobol, Wedelolactone	Anti HIV activity	Lee JS et.al 2008[99]
64	Epinetrum villosum / Menispermaceae	Cycleanine	Anti HIV activity	Lee JS et.al 2008[99]
65	Erythrina senegalensis / Fabaceae	Auriculatin, Erysenegalensein	Anti HIV activity	Lee J et.al
66	Euchresta formosana / Leguminosae	Formosanatin C, Euchretin M	Anti HIV activity	Lo WL et.al 2003[104]
67	Eugenia caryophyllata / Myrtaceae	Tellimagrandin I	Anti HIV activity	Lo WL et.al 2003[104]
68	Euphorbia poisonii / Euphorbiaceae	12-deoxyphorbol-13-phenylacetate	Anti HIV activity	Lo WL et.al 2003[104]
69	Flammulina velutipes / Physalacriaceae	Velutin	Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Wang HX et.al 2001[105]
70	Ferula sumbul / Umbelliferae	Heraclenol, Imperatorin	Anti HIV activity	Zhou P et.al 2000[106]
71	Garcinia speciosa / Hypericaceae	Protostanes ,Garciosaterpene A,C	Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
72	Glycyrrhiza glabra / Fabaceae	Glycyrrhizin	Inhibition of Giant cell formation, viral adsorption,Inhibited Infectivity, cytopathic activity, replication	Ito M et.al1987 [108], Ito M et.al 1988[37]
73	Gossypiumher baceum / Malvaceae	Gossypol	Inhibit viral replication	Lin TS et.al 1989[109]
74	Garcinia kingaensis / Clusiaceae		Anti HIV -1 protease activity	Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110]
75	Garcinia livingstoneii / Clusiaceae	Gutifferone A,	Anti HIV activity	Gustafson KR et. al, 1992[63]
76	Garcinia volkensis / Clusiaceae		Anti HIV -1 protease activity	Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110]
77	Garcinia semseii / Clusiaceae	Polyisoprenylated benzophenones, SemsinonesA-C	Anti HIV activity	Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110]
78	Garcinia edulis / Clusiaceae		Anti HIV -1 protease activity	Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110]
79	Garcinia Ferrea / Clusiaceae		Anti HIV -1 protease activity	Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110]
80	Grewia mollis / Tiliaceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga 2002[61]
81	Geum japonicum / Rosaceae	Maslinic acid	Inhibits HIV-1 protease	Xu HX 1996[111]
82	Garcinia hanburyii / Clusiaceae	Epoxymorellic acid	Anti HIV activity	Reutrakul V et.al 2007[112]
83	Gingko biloba / Ginkgoaceae	Cardanols, Bilobals	Anti HIV activity	Reutrakul V et.al 2007[112]
84	Garciniaman gostana / Clusiaceae	Mangostin	HIV-1 protease inhibition	Chen et.al 1996[113]
85	Glycosmis Montana / Rutaceae	3-(3-hydroxymethyl-2-butenyl)-7-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1indole.	Anti HIV activity	Rajandeep Kaur et.al 2011[114]
86	Galanthus nivalis / Amaryllidaceae	G. nivalis agglutinin-GNA	Stops spread of HIV among lymphocytes GNA has specificity for terminal a(1-3)-linked mannose residues	Saidi H et.al 2007[115]
87	Humulus lupulus / Cannabaceae	Xanthohumol	Inhibited HIV-1 induced cytopathic effect	Wang et.al 2004[101], Zhang et.al 2005[102]
88	Helictrus isora / Sterculiaceae		Inhibition of HIV protease	OtakeT et.al 1995[68]
89	Hypoxis hemerocallidea / Hypoxidaceae			Bisi-Johnson MA et.al2010[116], Mills E et.al 2005[117] AhmadAet.al 2009[118] SADC Ministerial Consultative meeting 2002[120], Albrecht CF and Kruger PB et.al [121]
90	Hippeastrum hybrids / Amaryllidaceae	Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin-HHA,and Mannose-binding	Stops spread of HIV among lymphocytes; most prominent anti-HIV activity is found among MBLs; HHA lectins- MBL Recognizes both terminal and internal á(1-3)- and á(1-6)- linked mannose	Saidi H et.al 2007[115]
91	Homolanthus nutans / Euphorbiaceae		Anti HIV activity	Gustafson KR et.al 1992[63]
92	Hypericum perforatum / Clusiaceae	Hypericin, 3-hydroxy lauric acid	Inhibits HIV-1 replication	Birt DF et.al 2009[122], Lavie G et.al 1995[123]
93	Hemsleya endecaphylla	Cucurbitacin B	Anti HIV activity	Ito M et.al 1988[37]
94	Illicium verum / Illiciaceae	Illicinone A	Anti HIV activity	SongWY et.al 2007[124]
95	Inonotus obliquus / Hymenochaetaceae	Water-soluble lignins	Inhibits HIV-1 protease	IchimuraT et.al1998[125]
96	Juglans mandshurica /Juglandaceae	Taxifolin- dihydroquercetin	Inhibited cytopathic activity	Min BS et.al 2002[126], Matuse IT et.al1999[127]
97	Jatropha curcus / Euphorbiaceae	Corilagin	Anti HIV activity	Matuse IT et.al1999[127]
98	Kadsura angustifolia / Schisandraceae	Binankadsurin A	Anti HIV activity	Gao XM et.al 2008[128]
99	Kadsura longipedunculata / Schisandraceae	Kadlongirins B, Longipedunins A B C	Anti HIV activity	Sun QZ et.al 2006[129]
100	Kaempferia parvifolia / Zingiberaceae	5-hyroxy-7-methoxyflavone, (5,7 dimethoxyflavone)	Anti HIV activity	Geitmann M et.al 2006[130]
101	Lentinus edodes / Agaricaceae	Sulfated lentinan	Prevents HIV-induced cytopathic effect	Suzuki H et.al 1989[131]
102	Lomatium suksdorfii / Apiaceae	Suksdorfin	Suppresses HIV viral 1 replication	Yu D et.al 2007[132], Zhang CF et.al 2002[133]
103	Lycopodium japonicum / Lycopodiaceae	Lucojapodine A	Anti HIV activity	He J et.al 2009[134]
104	Leptotrichilia / Meliaceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse ranscriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
105	Lawsonia inermis / Lythraceae		Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT	Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65]
106	Lonicera japonica / Caprifoliaceae	Caffeolyl quinates	In vitro inhibitory activity against HIV—RT	Chang CW et.al 1995[94], Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613- 618,1989[20]
107	Lithospermum erythrorhizon / Boraginaceae		In vitro inhibitory activity against HIV	Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613- 618,1989[20]
108	Leucojum vernum / Amaryllidaceae	Lycorine, Homolycorine	Anti HIV activity	Geitmann M et.al 2006[130]
109	Ligularia kanaitizensis / Aspidiaceae	9 alpha-angloyloxypinoresinol	Anti HIV activity	Geitmann M et.al 2006[130]
110	Lindera chunii / Lauraceae	Hernandonine, Laurolistine	Anti HIV activity	Zhang CF et.al 2002[133]
111	Litsea verticillata / Lauraceae	Isolitseanes B, Oxyphyllenodiol B	Anti HIV activity	Zhang CF et.al 2002[133]
112	Melia azedarach / Meliaceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
113	Myrica salicifolia / Myricaceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
114	Maytenus buchnanii / Celastraceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
115	Maytenus Senegalensis / Celastraceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
116	Myrothamnus flabellifolius / Myrothamnaceae	Polyphenols, gallotannins, 3,4,5-tri-Ogalloylquinic acids.	Polyphenols protect cell membranes against free radical-induced damage; gallotannins have anti-burn properties; 3,4,5-tri- Ogalloylquinic acids have anti- HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity	Moore JP et.al 2007[135]
117	Musa acuminate / Musaceae	BanLec, a jacalin-related lectin	Blocks HIV entry, hence is a good microbicide; potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication	SwansonMD et.al 2010[136]
118	Marilalaxi flora / Clusiaceae	Laxofloranone	Inhibits reverse transcriptase	Bokesch HR et.al 2001[137]
119	Marila pluricostata / Clusiaceae	Mesuol	Anti HIV activity	He J et.al 2009[134]
120	Millettia erythrocalyx / Leguminoceae	Millettocalyxin, Oxyresveratrol	Anti HIV activity	He J et.al 2009[134]
121	Momordica charantia / Cucurbitaceae	MAP- 30 protein Kuguacins F-S	Inhibit intergase, RT of HIV Anti HIV activity	Wang YX et.al1999[138] He J et.al 2009[134]
122	Monotes africanus / Dipterocarpaceae	Lonchocarpol A	Anti HIV activity	Meragelman KM et.al 2001[139]
123	Murraya siamensis / Rutaceae	Siamenol	Anti HIV activity	Meragelman KM et.al 2000[140]
124	Ochna integerrima / Ochnaceae	Ochnaflavone 7’’O-methylether, 2’’,3’’-dihydroochnaflavone 7’’-O methylether	Anti HIV activity	Reutrakul Vand Ninguek Net.al 2007[112]
125	Ocimum sanctum / Lamiaceae		Highest inhibition of recombinant HIV -RT	Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65], Anuya A Rege A et.al 2010[67]
126	Ocimum gratissimum / Lamiaceae		Reduction in HIV-1 RT activity	Ayisi and Nyadedzor et.al 2003[141]
127	Polyalthia suberosa /Annonaceae	Lanostane-type triterpene, Suberosol	Anti-HIV replication activity	Li H et.al 1993[142]
128	Peltophorum africanum / Caesalpiniaceae	Gallotannin Catechin, betulinic acid	Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase Anti HIV activity	Bessong PO et.al 2005[88] Thoe A et.al 2009[143]
129	Phytolacca Americana / Phytolaccaceae	Pokeweed antiviral protein -PAP	Broad spectrum microbicide	D’cruz OJ et.al 2004[144]
130	Pipturus albidus / Urticaceae		Inhibit HIV growth	Christopher p et.al 1996[145]
131	Prunus africana / Rosaceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
132	Portula caoleracea / Portulacaceae		Interfere with viral growth	Sharma PC et.al2005[146]
133	Papaver somniferum / Papaveraceae	Papaverine	Interfere withH IV protein gp 120	Turano A et.al 1989[147]
134	Psidium guajava / Myrtaceae	Procyanidine B2	Inhibit HIV RT	Kakiuchi N et.al1991[148]
135	Phyllanthus emblica / Euphorbiaceae	Putranjivain A	Inhibit HIV RT	Mekkawy S et.al1995[149]
136	Peltophorum africanum / Fabaceae	betulinic acid (+)-Catechin a flavonoid Epicatechin and Epigallocatechin gallate Bergenin a C-galloylglycoside Gallotannin	Inhibits HIV-1 111B Inhibit 3, end processing activity of HIV -1 Inhibit Hiv -1 RT Inhibit the binding of GP120 Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Fujioka et.al 1994[150] Bessong et.al 2005[88] Tillekeratne et.al 2002[151] Piacente et.al 1996[152] Bessong et.al 2005[88]
137	Prunella vulgaris / Lamiaceae	Sulfonated polysaccharides	Inhibitory activity against HIV	ChangRS et.al1988[53], Ngan et.al 1989[54]
138	Pericampylus glaucas / Menispermaceae	Norruffscine, 8-oxotetrahydropalmatine	Anti HIV activity	Yan MH et.al 2008[153]
139	Phenax angustifolius / Urticaceae	Phenaxolactones	Anti HIV activity	Piccenelli ALet.al 2005[154], Mahmood N et.al 1993[96]
140	Phyllanthus amarus / Phyllanthaceae	Geraniin, Corilagin	Anti HIV activity	Piccenelli AL et.al 2005[154], Mahmood N et.al 1993[96]
141	Phyllanthus myritifolius / Phyllanthaceae	Retrojusticidin B	Anti HIV activity	Piccenelli AL et.al,2005[154], Mahmood N et.al 1993[96]
142	Pragnos tschimganica / Umbelliferae	Psolaren, Bergapten	Anti HIV activity	Shikishima Y et.al 2001[155]
143	Plumbago indica / Plumbaginaceae		Inhibitory effect againstHIV-1 RT	Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65]
144	Psiadia dentate / Asteraceae	Isoobtusitin	Anti HIV activity	Shikishima Y et.al 2001[155]
145	Psychotria leptothyrsa / Rubaceae	Psyles A-F Cyclotides	Anti HIV activity	Shikishima Y et.al 2001[155]
146	Quercus myrsinifolia / Fagaceae		inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV cell growth	Vermani and Garg et.al 2002[156]
147	Quercus stenophylla / Fabaceae		inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV cell growth	Vermani K and Garg S 2002[156]
148	Quercus infectoria / Fabaceae		inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV cell growth	Vermani K and Garg S 2002[156]
149	Quercus pedunculata / Fabaceae		inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV cell growth	Vermani K and Garg S2002[156]
150	Rhus succedanea /Anacardiaceae.	Biflavonoids, robustaflavone and hinokiflavone	Inhibits HIV-1 reversetranscriptase	Lin YM et.al 1997[157]
151	Rhamnus staddo / Rhamnaceae.		Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61]
152	Rhus chinensis / Anacardiaceae	Rhuscolide -A, Moronic acid	Anti HIV activity	Gu Q et.al 2007[158]
153	Ridolfia segetum / Apiaceae	Phellandrene, Terpinolene	Anti HIV activity	Bicchi C et.al 2009[159]
154	Rosa damascene / Rosaceae	Tetrahydroxyflavonol	Anti HIV activity	Bicchi C et.al 2009[159]
155	Rosa woodsii / Rosaceae	Oleanolic acid	Anti HIV activity	Kashiwada Y et.al 1998[160]
156	Rhizophora mucronata / Rhizophoraceae		Highest inhibition of RNA dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV RT	Anuya A Rege et.al 2010[67]
157	Scutellaria baicalensis / Lamiaceae	Baicalin calanolide-coumarins - f lavonoid,	Anti HIV activity Reverse transcriptase infection/entry, replication inhibit infectivity& replication of HIV A potent non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)	Wei Y et.al 2008[161] KitamuraK et.al 1998[162] Li Q et.al 2000[163] Min BS et.al 2002[126] FassinaG et.al 2002[164] Lee J S et.al 2003[93] PommierYet.al2005[165] Creagh T et.al 2001[79] Ases K et.al 2005[80] Kostova I et.al 2006[81]
158	Senecio scandens / Asteraceae		Inhibitory activity against HIV	Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618, 1989[20]
159	Sapium indicum / Euphorbiaceae		Inhibitory effect against HIV-1	KunSilprasit et.al 2011[65]
160	Sideritis akmanii / Lamiaceae	Sulfonated polysaccharides, linearol	Anti-HIV replication	Bruno M et.al 2002[166]
161	Sutherlandia Frutescens / Liguminosae	L-canavanine,D-pinitol	Anti viral activity Treat HIV infection	Green M et.al 1988[167] Oslund R et.al 1996[168] Gericke N et.al2001[169] Dalvi S et.al 2003[170]
162	Swertia franchetiana / Gentianaceae	Flavonone-xanthone glucoside	Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Wang JN et.al 1994[171]
163	Symphonia globulifera / Clusiaceae	Guttiferone A	Inhibits cytopathic effects of HIV	Gustafson KR et.al 1992[63]
164	Salvia miltiorrhyza / Lamiaceae	Lithospermic acid	Anti HIV activity	Kashiwada Y et.al 1998[160]
165	Salvia officinalis / Lamiaceae	Ferulic acid, isoferulic acid	Anti HIV activity	Bailly F et.al 2005[172]
166	Salvia yunnanensis / Lamiaceae	Methyl salvianolate Cis-lithospermic acid	Anti HIV activity	Zhang ZF et.al 2008[173]
167	Saururus chinenisis / Saururaceae	Manassantin A, Saururin B	Anti HIV activity	Lee J et.al 2010[174]
168	Schisandra lancifolia / Schisandraceae	Lancifoic acid, Nigranoic acid	Anti HIV activity	Xiao WL et.al 2006[175]
169	Schisandra propinqua / Schisandraceae	Tiegusanins G	Anti HIV activity	Li XN et.al 2009[176]
170	Schisandra rubiflora / Schisandraceae	Rubrisandrins A B	Anti HIV activity	Xiao WL et.al 2001[177]
171	Schisandra sphenanthera / Schisandraceae	Sphenadilactone C	Anti HIV activity	Xiao WL et.al 2001[177]
172	Schisandra wilsoniana / Schisandraceae	Wilsonilignans A B C	Anti HIV activity	Yang GY et.al 2010[178]
173	Stauntonia obovatifoliola / Malvaceae	16 beta-hydroxylupane-1,20 (29) -diene-3one	Anti HIV activity	Wei Y et.al 2008[179]
174	Stephania cepharantha / Menispermaceae	Cepharanthine Aromoline	Inhibits HIV replication Anti HIV activity	Ma CM et.al 2002[180] Ma CM et.al 2002[180]
175	Strychnos vanprukii / Loganiaceae	3-beta-O-trans-feruloylbetulinic acid,3-beta-O-trans-coumaroylbetulinic acid	Anti HIV activity	Ma CM et.al 2002[180]
176	Thalassia testudunium / Hydrocharitaceae	Thalassiolins	Anti HIV activity	RowleyDCet.al2002[181]
177	Tieghemella heckelii / Sapotaceae	Arganine C	Anti HIV activity	RowleyDCet.al2002[181]
178	Trigonostemon thyrsoideum / Euphorbiaceae	Trigonothyrins C	Anti HIV activity	Zhang L et.al 2010[182]
179	Trigonos temonlii / Euphorbiaceae	Trigonoliimines A	Anti HIV activity	Tan CJ et.al 2010[183]
180	Tripterigiumhy poglaucam / Berberidaceae	Triptonine B	Anti HIV activity	Duan H et.al 2000[184]
181	Tripterigium wilfordii / Celastraceae	Diterpene lactones (nortripterifordin) Trifordine A B C	Inhibits HIV replication Anti HIV activity	Duan H et.al 2000[184] HoriuchMet.al 2006[185]
182	Terminalia chebula / Combretaceae	Gallic acid and galloyl glucose	Inhibits HIV reversetranscriptase and integrase	Ahn MJ 2002[186], Sharma Pcet.al2005[146][61]
183	Toddalia asiatica / Rutaceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga 2002
184	Terminalia sericea / Combrataceae		strongest inhibition against HIV-1 RT RDDP and Rnase functions.	Pascal Obong Bessong 2004et.al[73]
185	Tinospora cordifolia / Menispermaceae		Inhibition of gp 120 binding	Anuya A Rege et.al 2010[67]
186	Terminalia arjuna / Combrataceae		Inhibition of HIV protease	KusomotoITet.al1995[71]
187	Terminalia bellerica / Combrataceae	chebulagic acid, punicalin, punicalagin & punicacortin	Inhibit HIV RT, viral adsorption	Mekkawy S 1995[149]
188	Terminalia. horrida / Combrataceae		Inhibit HIV RT	Mekkawy S 1995[149]
189	Vatica astrotricha / Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpaceae/6,8-diprenylaromadendrin and 6,8-diprenylkaempferol	Inhibits HIV-1 entry and replication	Park I-W 2009[187]
190	Vitex negundo / Lamiaceae		Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT	Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65]
191	Viola yedoensis / Violaceae	Sulfonated polysaccharides	Invitro inhibitory activity against HIV	Chang RS et.al1988[53], Ngan et.al 1989[54]
192	Vatica cinerea / Dipterocarpaceae	Vaticinone	Inhibited replication	Zhang HJ et.al 2003[188]
193	Woodwardia unigemmata / Blechnaceae		Invitro inhibitory activity against HIV	Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618, 1989[20]
194	Warburgia ugandensis / Canellaceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga 2002[61]
195	White birch tree / Betulaceae		Betulinic acid - pentacyclic triterpene inhibit maturation of the HIV-1 Gag precursor	Kashiwada Y1996[189] Li Fet.al2003[190] Yu D et.al 2005[191] Yu D et.al 2007[192]
196	Xanthoxylum chalybeum / Rutaceae		Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	Geoffrey M Rukunga 2002[61]

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