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List of Medicinal Plants Used in Trinidad and Tobago for Diabetes

Trinidad and Tobago plants for diabetes

The islands of Trinidad and Tobago are known for having a long list of medicinal plants that are used by many locals, as a part of traditional healing and to improve and maintain health. Below are a list of some of these plants that have historically been used as antidiabetics (use against diabetes) on these islands.

Plants Historically used as Anti-diabetics in Trinidad and Tobago

Scientific Name
Family 1
Local Name(s)
Plant Part
Distribution / Native Range2
Abrus precatorius L.
Fabaceae
crab eye/ licorice/ jumbie bead
aerial parts
Native to Africa, temperate and
tropical Asia, Australia & the Pacific; naturalized in the neotropics.
Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.
Asteraceae
zeb-a-fam
root
Native to South America and the
Caribbean; naturalized and/or cultivated globally
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.
Xanthorrhoeaceae
aloes
not specified
Native to Canary Islands and North
Africa; widely cultivated and naturalized
Annona muricata L.
Annonaceae
soursop
not specified
Neotropical origin – West Indies; naturalized across the tropics; widely
cultivated
Antigonon leptopus Hook. &
Arn.
Polygonaceae
coralita
vine
Native to Mexico & Central America;
naturalized and cultivated elsewhere
Aristolochia rugosa Lam.
Aristolochiaceae
matroot
whole plant
Native to South America and the
Caribbean
Aristolochia trilobata L.
Aristolochiaceae
twef or tref
leaves
Native to South America and the
Caribbean; often cultivated
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn) Fosberg
Moraceae
breadfruit
yellowing leaves
Native to tropical Asia--Melanesia and Polynesia; naturalized in the Pacific; cultivated throughout the
tropics
Azadirachta indica A. Juss
Meliaceae
neem/nim or neeb
leaves
Native to tropical Asia; naturalized
and cultivated elsewhere
Bidens pilosa L.
Asteraceae
needle grass/ railway daisy
leaves
Exact native range obscure—includes North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean; naturalized
widely
Bixa orellana L.
Bixaceae
roucou/ruku
leaves, root
Native to American tropics; excl. Caribbean; cultivated and naturalized
elsewhere in tropics
Bontia daphnoides L.
Scrophulariaceae
olive bush
leaves
Native to the Caribbean and
Venezuela
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.
Fabaceae
pigeon peas
leaves and
stems
Widely cultivated in the tropics;
originated in India
Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabaceae
ganja/marijuana
leaves, shoots and seeds
Probable origin - Central Asia; now widely naturalized and cultivated
globally
Carica papaya L.
Caricaceae
paw-paw
green fruit
Native to S. Mexico and Central America; naturalized in the Caribbean & African tropics; cultivated
elsewhere
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Apocynaceae
periwinkle
whole herb (flowers,
leaves, root)
Native to Madagascar; naturalized and cultivated in tropics and
subtropics
Chromolaena odorata (L.)
R.M. King & H. Rob.
Asteraceae
Christmas bush
flowers
Native in neotropics, incl.
Caribbean; naturalized and cultivated in tropics worldwide
Cissampelos pareira L.
Menispermaceae
pataçon
root
Native range from Mexico to
Argentina and incl. Caribbean
Citrus x aurantium L.
Rutaceae
sour orange
fruit peel
Widely cultivated in tropics and
subtropics; hybrid (C. reticulata x C. maxima)3 originating in China
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt.
Cucurbitaceae
parwar/ wild cucumber/ ivy
gourd
leaf juice
Native to Asia, African tropics and Australia; naturalized in Fiji;
cultivated elsewhere
Cocos nucifera L.
Arecaceae
coconut
shell, flower
Native to parts of tropical Asia (including South East Asian islands and South margin of India), Pacific and Australia; widely naturalized and
cultivated
Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott &
Endl.
Malvaceae
obie seed
seed
Native to West African tropics;
cultivated elsewhere
Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg.
Rhamnaceae
mauby
bark
Native to Central and North America
(N.B. localized to south Florida), and the Caribbean
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.)
Roem. & Schult.
Boraginaceae
black sage
not specified
Native range from Mexico to
Argentina and incl. Caribbean
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf
Poaceae
fever grass
not specified
Originated in SE Asia; naturalized in
Argentina and Chile; cultivated elsewhere.
Eryngium foetidum L.
Apiaceae
bandhaniya/ fit weed/shado beni
leaves, roots
Native to Central and South America & the Caribbean; naturalized elsewhere including N. America
(Dade county, Florida)
Gomphrena globosa L.
Amaranthaceae
bachelor button
leaves
Widely cultivated & naturalized,
exact native range obscure; probable origin -Neotropics
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
Convolvulaceae
kharmi bhaji
leaves and tender stems
Native to S.E. Asia (Austin 2007)4; naturalized elsewhere including the Americas and the Pacific; widely cultivated
Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew
Urticaceae
stinging nettle
leaves
Native to tropics in Africa and America, incl. Caribbean; naturalized elsewhere
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br.
Lamiaceae
shandilay
not specified
Originated in tropical Africa; naturalized across pantropics
Momordica charantia L.
Cucurbitaceae
coraillee/ caraaili
leaves, fruit
Native to Africa, Asia and Australia; naturalized in American tropics; widely cultivated
Moringa oleifera Lam.
Moringaceae
saijan
leaves
Native to Indian subcontinent; cultivated elsewhere
Morus alba L.
Moraceae
pawi bush
not specified
Native to temperate Asia; widely naturalized and cultivated in temperate and tropical areas
Musa x paradisiaca L.
Musaceae
silk fig
leaves
Indo/Malaysian origin; widely cultivated
Neurolaena lobata (L.) R.Br. ex Cass.
Asteraceae
zeb-a-pik/ zebapique
leaves
Native to American tropics, incl.
Caribbean
Passiflora quadrangularis L.
Passifloraceae
barbadine/ granadilla
leaves
Originated in neotropics; widely cultivated in the tropics
Persea americana Mill.
Lauraceae
zaboca/avocado
seed
Originated in Central America – Mexico & Guatemala; naturalized in Pacific.
Phyllanthus amarus
Schumach. & Thonn.
Phyllanthaceae
seed-under-leaf
not specified
Native to tropical America, incl. Caribbean; naturalized in paleotropics
Phyllanthus urinaria L.
Phyllanthaceae
seed-under-leaf
not specified
Native to temperate and tropical regions in Asia as well as the western Pacific; naturalized elsewhere in the tropics
Pityrogramma calomelanos
(L.) Link
Pteridaceae
stamp fern
whole plant
Native to neotropics, incl. Caribbean; naturalized in paleotropics
Ruellia tuberosa L.
Acanthaceae
minny root
root, leaves
Native to Central America; naturalized in South America & Caribbean and across paleotropics
Scoparia dulcis L.
Plantaginaceae
sweet broom
whole herb
Neotropical origin; widely naturalized in tropics and subtropics
5 Senna fruticosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Fabaceae
christmas bush
flowers
Native to Mexico and Central America, excl. Caribbean
5 Senna italica Mill.
Fabaceae
senna
not specified
Native to Africa, tropical and temperate regions in Asia; naturalized in Venezuela
Spermacoce verticillata L.
Rubiaceae
white head broom
whole herb
Native in neotropics from Mexico to Paraguay; incl. the Caribbean; naturalized elsewhere
Spiranthes acaulis (Sm.) Cogn.
Orchidaceae
lapsogen
not specified
Native in Central to South America and Trinidad and Tobago
Spondias mombin L.
Anacardiaceae
hog plum
leaves
Native to tropical America; obscure native range in West Indies; widely cultivated in paleotropics
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
(L.) Vahl
Verbenaceae
vervine/ vervain
not specified
Native to American tropics, incl. Caribbean; widely naturalized in paleotropics & Polynesia
See also  Herbal Medicine for Diabetes Mellitus

1. Listing of Family names based on information from Stevens (2001) and The Plant List (2013)
2. Unless indicated otherwise, places of origin / distribution ranges were sourced from GRIN (2016) and Tropicos (2016)
3. IPNI (2012) entry for Citrus aurantium L. indicates probable hybrid of C. maxima x C. reticulata
4. Austin 2007, states that Ipomoea aquatica originated in S.E. Asia (includes China & India) but was introduced elsewhere.
5. Originally listed as Cassia spp, these species have been assigned to the genus Senna based on shared floral morphology as described in Irwin and Barneby 1982.

Source: Angelle L. Bullard-Roberts. Medicinal Plants of Trinidad and Tobago: Selection of Antidiabetic Remedies (Florida International University)

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