A List of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in South America – Brazil

List of medicinal and aromatic species with high priority for germplasm collection and conservation in Brazil with a special focus on Caatinga

Species	Common name	Habit	Active substance/ pharmacological action	Region	Conservation form
Achyrocline satureioides L.	Macela	Herb	Hypotensive, spasmolytic	Cerrado	Field collection
Ageratum conyzoides L.	Mentrasto	Herb	Anti-inflammatory	Ruderal	Field collection
Amburana cearensis(Allemaõ) A.C. Sm	Cumaru	Tree	Sinusitis	Caatinga	In situ, field
Anadenanthera columbrina (Vell) Brenan	Sngico	Tree	Grippe	Atlantic Forest, Caatinga	Field collection
Aniba roseodora Ducke	Pau rosa	Tree	Linalool	Amazon forest	In situ
Apodanthera congestiflora Cogn	Cabeça-de-negro	climbing	Blood purifying,	Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica, Pampa, Pantanal	Field
Astronium urundeuva (Fr. All.) Engl.	Aroeira	Tree	Anti- inflammatory, anti-ulceric	Cerrado	In situ, cold chamber
Baccharis trimera DC.	Carqueja	Herb	Hepatic disturbs	Ruderal	Field collection
Bauhinia forficata L.	Pata de Vaca	Tree	Diabetes	Atlantic forest	Cold chamber
Boerhavia diffusa L.	Pega-pinto	Herb	blood purifying, hepatitis and diarrhea	Atlantic forest	Cultivate field
Caryocar brasiliensis Camb.	Pequi	Tree	Anti-inflammatory	Cerrado	In situ
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.	Mastruz	Herb	fracture, gastritis, vermifuge	Atlantic Forest	Field
Copaifera langsdorffi Desf.	Copaiba	Tree	Oil, anti-inflammatory	Cerrado	In situ, cold chamber
Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul.	Catingueira	Tree	Grippe	Caatinga	Field Caatinga
Cereus jamacaru	Mandacaru	Tree	Grippe, kidneys	Caatinga	In situ, field
Croton cajucara Benth.	Sacaca	Herb	Linalool	Amazon	Field collection
Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoff.	Cunha	Shrub	Anetol, eugenol	Caatinga	Field collection
Datura insignis B. Rodr.	Toe	Shrub	Escopolamina	Amazon forest	Cold chamber
Dimorphandra mollis Benth.	Faveiro	Tree	Rutin, anti-hemorragic	Cerrado	Cold chamber
Echinodorus macrophyllus(Kunth.) Mich	Chapeu de Couro	Herb	Diuretic	Cerrado	Field collection, cold chamber
Erythrina verna Vell. Conc.	Mulungu	Tree	anxiolytics and anticonvulsants	Atlantic Forest	Field collection
Harrisia adscendens	Rabo-de- raposa	Shrub	Kidneys, prostate, toothache	Caatinga	In situ, field
Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Baill.	Batat de Tiu Shrub		Jatrophone	Cerrado	In situ, field collection
Lippia spp.	Alecrim pimenta Shrub		Source of volatile oils, anti-microbial	Caatinga	Field collection
Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn	Cabacinha, buchinha	Climbing	Sinusitis	All Brasil	Field and plantations
Lychnophora ericoides Mart.; L. salicifolia Mart.	Arnica do Cerrado	Shrub	Volatile oils	Cerrado	Field collection, in situ
Mandevilla vellutina Mart.	Serra dos Órgãos	Shrub	Anti-inflammatory, bradykynin antagonist	Cerrado	In situ, field collection
Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex. Reiss; M. aquifolium Mart.	Espinheira Santa	Tree	Anti-ulceric	Meridional forest	Cold chamber, in situ
Melocactus zehntneri	Cabeça-de- frade, coroa-de- frade	Cactus 20 cm	Gripe, mulligrubs	Caatinga	In situ, field
Mikania glomerata Spreng.	Guaco	Herb	Bronchitis, coughs	Atlantic forest	Field collection
Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poir	Jurema Preta	Tree	Anti inflammatory	Caatinga	Field collection
Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer	Canela Sassafraz	Tree	Safrol, metileugenol	Atlantic forest	In situ
Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Farwel	Batata de Purga	Herb	Purgative	Caatinga	Cold chamber
Opuntia palmadora	Palmatoria do sertão	Shrub	Urethra problem	Caatinga	In situ, field
Piper hispidinervum DC.	Pimenta longa	Herb	Safrol	Amazon	Cold chamber, eld collection
Pfaffia paniculata (Martius) Kuntze	Ginseng brasileiro	Herb	Antitumor compounds	Margins of Parana river	Cold chamber, eld collection
Phyllanthus niruri L.	Quebra pedra	Herb	Hepatitis B, renal calculus	Ruderal	Cold chamber
Phyllanthus niruri L.	Quebra pedra	Herb	Kidney desease	Atlantic Field	Field collection
Pilosocereus gounellei F.A.C. Webber ex K. Schum	Xique-xique	Shrub	Rheumatism, crowfoot	Caatinga	In situ, field
Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf.	Jaborandi	Shrub	Pilocarpine	Amazon forest	Cold chamber, in situ
Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes	Ipecac	Herb	Emetin, cefaline	Amazon and Atlantic forest	Cold chamber, in situ
Pterodon emarginatus Vogel	Sucupira	Tree	Analgesic, antinoceptive, cercaricide	Cerrado	In situ, cold chamber
Senna ocidentallis (L.) Link	Manjerioba, Fedegoso	Shrub	Lowering the blood pressure as well as the blood Cholesterol	All Brasil	Field
Solanum mauritianum Scopoli	Cuvitinga	Shrub	Solasodine	Ruderal, southeast and southern Brazil	Cold chamber
Stryphnodendron Adstringens (Mart.) Coville	Barbatimao	Tree	Tannin, anti-inflammatory	Cerrado	In situ, cold chamber
Tabebuia avellanedae (Lor.) ex. Griseb.	Ipe roxo	Tree	Lapachol	Cerrado	In situ
Vanillosmopsis arborea(Aguiar) Ducke	Candeia	Shrub	Bisabolol	Caatinga	In situ, field Collection
Vitex gardneriana Schauer	Jaramataia	Tree	Vermicide, soothing and anti- inammatory	Caatinga	Field Collection
Ximenia Americana L.	Ameixa da caatinga	Shrub	Anti- inammatory	Caatinga	Field Bahia

Download – Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in South America – Brazil

Source: Introduction to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Brazil by Ákos Máthé and José Crisólogo de Sales Silva
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