Traditional Plants Used for Medicinal Purposes in Güroymak (Bitlis/Turkey) District

This study, conducted in 2020-2021 in Güroymak (Bitlis), is the first to document the traditional medicinal plant usage in the district. Researchers interviewed 120 participants from 29 villages with strong ethnobotanical knowledge. They identified 60 plant taxa from 26 families used to treat 30 different diseases. The most commonly used plants came from the Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, and Polygonaceae families. Frequently used species included *Malva neglecta*, *Rosa canina*, *Crataegus* species, and *Taraxacum kurdiciforme*. Digestive problems were treated with the most plants (27 taxa), followed by respiratory and skin conditions (11 taxa each).

Table 2. List of plants used for medicinal purposes in Güroymak

Species	Local names	Part used	Medicinal uses
Acanthus montanus	Urunhishi	Stem-twig, leaves	Syphilis,cough,emenic,urethral dischrge
Adhatoda buchhoizii		Fruits, whole plant	Rhumatism,antiinflammatoy
Asysasia calyciana	Orole	Leaves	skin diseases,weak erection,
Asysasia gangetica	lobiri,inana,ntiaturu	whole plant	snake antidote,piles,urethral discharge
Barleria opaca	Arenikosun	leaves	jaundice,laxatives,snake bite,hemorrhoids
Barleria maderaspatensis	ewe-asaju,ewe-isaju	whole plant	snake bite antidote
Hygrophila auriculata	mafowa,bayingiwa	whole plant	craw-craw,bacteriostatic
Hypostes forskalei	Ogbigbo	whole plant,roots	skin infections
Hypostes vertillaris	Ekere	whole plant,leaves	sore,fever,antiseptic,chest pains
Justicia flava	odian,oridun	whole plant	fungal skin diseases,malaria,stomach disorders
Justicia insularis	isepe-akera	whole plant	measles,mallpox
Nelsonia compestria	dandun-makiyaya	leaves,juice,twigs	yellow fever,inflammation,schistosomiasis
Phaulopsis falcisepala	Apa-ogbe	whole plant	wounds,skin parasites,laxative
Achyranthes spera	hakorin maciji	leaves,roots	stomach disorders,abortion,malaria
Alternantheras repens	Dagunro	whole plant	dysentry,antimicrobial,filariasis
Alternantheras selsilis	maikai dubu	whole plant,leaves	snake antidote,piles, astrigent, antibacterial
Amaranthus spinosus	Nanijingasaya	whole plant	abdominal pain,ulcers,gonorrhoea
Amaranthus viridis		leaves, roots	antihelminthics,dysentry,antipasmodic,diuretic
Celosia laxa	Mannafaa	leaves	antiscorbutic, purgative
Celosia argenta	fara-layatu	leaves, seeds	skin diseases, diarrhoea,antiscorbutic,anthelmintics
Philoxerus vermiculatus		leaves	hernia,inflammation
Anacardium occidentale	kasu,kanju	bark,leaf,fruits	malaria,elephantiasis,leprosy,ringworms
Antocaryon micraster	ifa-okete,egin-agbo	leaves,fruits	general toxic,laxative
Haematostaphis barteri	jan danya	stem,bark,root	emenic,tonic,hepatitis,sleeping sicknes
Heeria insignis	kasheshe,hawayenzaki	leves,stem,root,bark	anthelminthics,aphoradisiac,galactagogue
Isolana campanulata	Aghakeze	root,stem,bark	brochial infetions,skin diseases,hematuria
Mangifera indica	Mangoro	leaves,roots,stem,bark	highblood pressure,skin lesions,insomnia
Monodora tenuifolia	Sinin	leave,roots	Antihamorrhage,toothache,skin diseases
Annoa squamosa	Sharp -sharp,mbugo ago	Leaves,fruit,stem	Anaemia,dysentery,ulcer,anti -tumor
Annona sanegalensis	`	Root,bark,leaves,seed	Cancer,cough,veneral diseases
Anoridium manni	Ewuro –igbo	bark	Diarrhoea,cough,fever,rheumtism
Clestopholis paterns	Apako	Leaves,bark	Respiratory diseases,turberculosis
Enantia chlorantha	Osopupa,kakerim	Bark	Typhoid fever,hepatitis,jaundice,fever
Greenwayo dendronsuaveolens	Agudugbu	roots,leaves,bark	Easy labour,weak erectile
Hexalobus crispiflorus	lapawe, apara, oji ogoda	roots, whole plant	gonorrhoea, cough, malaria
Monodora myristica	Abo-lakoshe,ehuru	seeds	constipation,lice,guinea worms
Citrullus colocynthis	Egus bara	whole plant	Antimicrobials
Cucumeropsis manni	Eyen	leaves	Milk laxative
Coccinia barteri	ewe-ojo	whole plant	Veneral diseases
Cucumis melo	Burji	leaves,root	Fungal diseases
Cucurbita maxima	Kabewa	seeds,fruits	tape worms,taenicides
Cucumis prophetarum		fruits,pulp	Vermifuge
Bryophyllum pinnatum	Abomoda	leaves,root,leaf -sap
Kalenchoe crenata	ejeti,onwa	whole plant	small pox,convulsion,asthma
Brassica oleraceaecapitata	Kabeji	leaves,seed	Antimicrobial
Celestrus indica	ponju-owiwi	root,leaves,twigs	Antimicrobial,asthma,malaria
Celestrus senegalensis	Isepolohun	leaves,stem,root	Oedema,laxative,gonorrhea
Dichaetalum baneri	Ngbu ewa	seeds	Cough,rheumatism
Cochlospermum planchorii	Rawaya	roots,stem-bark	Gonorrhoea,menstrual disorder
Cochlospermum tinctorium	Balagande	whole plant	Virginal discharge,bilhazia
Chenopodium ambroiodes	asin,arunpale	whole plant	Anthelmintics,tumour
Cyperus esculentus	aya aya	whole plant	to induce vomiting,menstrual discharge
Mariscus alternifolius	Ranransa,ikeregun	stem-bases	Gonorrhoea,healing wounds
Acanthospermum,hispidum	kashin yawo	whole plant	yellow fever,turbaculosis,cough
Achillea millefolium	Yaro	flowers,leaves,seeds	haemostatic,wounds,piles
Ageratum conyzoides	Urata	whole plant	wounds,ulcers,sleeping sickness,eyewash
Ambrosia maritima	Makarfo	whole plant	syphilis,stimulant
Aspilla africana	yunyun,kalankuwa	leaves,flower	skin rashes,cleaning sores,corneal opacities
Bidens pilosa	abere,langanran	whole plant	anaesthetic,easy labour,abdoinnal pains
Blumia auria		whole plant	antipyretic,gastro intestinal pains
Centauriea perrottetii	Danyi	whole plant	skin infections,syphilis
Chromolaena odorata	akintola,obiarakara	leaves,stem-twigs	Antimicrobials,haemostatic,skin diseases
Chrysanthelium indicum	Abilere,oyigi	whole plant	boils,gonorrhoea,jaundice
Conyza canadensis		whole plant	gonorrhoea,genital diseases,antibacterials
Conyza sumatrensis	Olowojeja	whole plant	Antipyretic,asthma,tuberculosis
Echinacea purpurea		rhizome	Antimicrobial agents
Eclpa prostrata	Abikole,arojoku	leaves	Elephatiasis,liver ailments,convulsion
Elephantapus scaber		root,leaves	fever,cough
Emilia coccinea	Odundun	leaves,root,sap	ulcers,hernia,messles
Galinsoga parviflora		leaves	wounds,analgesic
Laggera alata	agemo-kogun,eru-taba	leaves,root,sap	fever,pneumonia,tapeworms
Laggera aurita	taba-ebora	whole plant	malaria,gasrointestinal pains
Matricaria recutita		flowers	Analgesic,antispasmodic
Microglossa abzelii		leaves,stem	tuberculosis,respiratory infections
Microglossa pyrifolia		leaves,root	antipyretic,abortifolant
Dichappetalum toxicarium	alo,ikunmu-agbo	stem,bark,stwigs,leaves	jaundice,poisonous to animals
Discorea dumentorum	Esuru,gussami	tuber,leaves	Analgesic,psychic trouble
Dracaena manni	peregun,akuku	root,leaves,ruit	Antimicrobial,skin diseases
Diospyros canaliculata	owe,oriloje	bark, leaves	Antimicrobial,leprosy
Diospyros mespliformis	kalwa,ige	root-bark, stem-bark	Bilhazia,fertility regulation
Acalypha fimbriata	Kandri	leaves	syphilis,asthma,antimicrobial,antifungal
Acalypha godseffiana	Jinwinini	leaves,twigs	skin infections,antimicrobials
Acalypha wikesiana	Jiwene	leaves,twigs	antimicrobials,constipation
Alchornea laxiflora	Pepe, ijan	Stem, root, leaves	Veneral disease,antioxidant
Antidesma venosum	Aroro	stem,bark	Anthelmintics
Bridelia ferruginea	iri,kirni	leaves,stem,bark,root	insomnia,mouth wash,gonorrhea
Croton lobatus	eru,namijin zaki,bansaa	root,bark,leaves	guinea worms,urinary disorders
Croton zambesicus	Ajekobale	leaves,twigs	file,gonorrhea
Drypetes florabunda	Asokara	stem	toothache,oral hygiene
Erythrococca anomala	iyere-igbo	fruits,leaves,leave-sap	joint pains,taeniacide
Euphorbia balsamifera		stem,latex	Dysentery
Euphorbia deightonii	ora agogo	leaves	women sterility
Euphorbia heterophylla	Egele	leaves,roots	skin diseases
Euphorbia hirta	nonon kurciya,odane	whole plant exudate	asthma,cough,shape of breasts
Euphorbia kamerurica	oro,ukoko	latex	Aid umbilicalcord drop-off
Euphobia laterifolia	oro were	leaves exudate	dermatosis,constipation
Makaranga barteri	asasa,owariwa	leaves,stem,bark	dysentery,urinary disorder
Mareya spicata	Uhosa	leaves,fruits,bark	skin infections,tape worms
Microdesmis puberula	Aringo,ukperi	leaves,seeds,bark	eye drop,diarrhea
Phyllanthus amarus	geron tsuntsaye	whole plants	jaundice,insomnia,antimicrobials
Caloncoba echinata	Ntuebi	whole plant and exudate	skin infections
Caloncoba glauca	Kakandika	seed,root,bark	leprosy,skin lesions
Mansonia senegalensis		oil	Emmenagogue
Curculigo piloza	Doyar kurege	roots	Leukaemia,gonorrhea
Hypoxis nyasica		whole plant	Uterine cancer
Harungana madagascariensis	Otoro,alilibarrafi	stem-bark,root-bark	piles,trypanasomiasis
irvingia gabonensis	oro,goron biri	leaves	sleen infections
Klainedoxa gabonensis	kanakoro,odudu	bark,seeds	measles,chicken pox,skin infections
Cassytha filiformis	Niginigini	stem-twigs	Antimicrobial,anti-funga,anthelminthics
Cinnamomum zeyianiam		Bark,leaves,oil	Typhoid fever,vomiting,nausea
Leonotis nepetifolia	Ekun	leaves,root	wound,purgative
Leucas martinicensis	keke-owu	leaves	snake bite antidote
Abrus precatorius	oju-ologbo,idon zakara	roots,leaves,seeds	conjuctivitis,antidote for poison,antimicrobials
Acacia auriculiformis	kasia eleti	bark	Astringent
Afrormosia laxiflora	shedun,makarfo	roots	intoxicant,body pains
Afzelia africana	Apa-igbo,akpalata	leaves,roots,bark,seeds	gonorrhoea,hernia
Albizia adiarthifolia	banabana,tsintsiyar kurmi	bark	gonorrhoea,night blindness,piles
Albizia ferruginea	Kurmii	root,stem,bark,leaves	constipation,fish poison
Albizia lebbeck	Igbagbo	seeds,leaves,stem,bark	river blindness,astringent
Albizia zygia	Ayinre-weere	bark	Arthritis,sprain
Anthonotha macrophylla	Abara	latex,bark	Gonorrhea,yellow fever
Arachis hypogea	Epa	nuts	Antimicrobials,insomnia
Bandeiraea simplicifolia	Kporekpo	leaves,bark	Urinary disorder,cancerous growth
Cajanus cajan	Orela	leaves,seeds	smallpox,mouth wash
Calliandra portoricensis	tude,oga	leaves,twigs,roots	convulsions,breas engogement
Clitoria ternatea		roots,leaves,seeds	gonorrhoea,ulcer
Dalbergia lactea	Ojiji	bark,stem-dust	pimples,ease labour
Daniellia oliveri	iya,kadaura	gum,bark	urinary tract infections
Daniellia thurifera	Iya	stew-wood dust	Scabies
Delorix regia	seke seke,ayin	leaves,bark,seeds,flower	diuretics,anthelmintics
Detaruyn nucricaroyn	taura,ogbogbo	bark,leaves	wounds,ulcers
Dialium guineense	tsamiyar kurmi	leaves,fruits,bark,twig	bronchitis,cough,diuretic
Dioclea reflexa	Agbarin,arin	seeds	Asthma head lice,dandruff
Glycine max	Ewa	seeds	Laxative
Glycyrrhiza glabra		roots	Expectorant,bronchitis
Guibourtia coplliere	kaluk ofoun	leaves,roots,fruits,exudate	blood booster
Indigofera arrecta	Elu aja	leaves,twigs	Diarrhoea,dysentery
Indigofera macrophylla	aniya makomiya	leaves	piles,enlargement of spleen and liver
Leucena leucocephala		leaves,seeds	Antimicrobials,blood tonic
Mepturnia oleracea	galajin ruwa	whole plants	yellow fever
Acacia ataxacantha	ihun,ewon- adele,sarkakiya	Young leaves	Dysentry,bark pain
Acacia nilotica	baani,gabaruwa	fruit,bark,exudate	skin diseases,fungal infections
Acacia sieberia	siyi,farakaya	bark,stem-twigs,leaves	Anti cancer,Athsma
Mucuna pruriens	Kakara	hairs on the pods	intestinal worms,genito-urinary disorders
Mundulea sericera		roots	anti parasites
Parkia biglobosa	Dorowa,igba	whole plant	tonic,mental disorders,obesity,diabete
Pentaclethra macrophylla	Apapa,pakala	leaves,bark,roots	Appetizer,general weakness,jaundice
Pericopsis laxiflora		bark	hypertension,insomnia
Baphia nitada	majigi,aboshi	leaves,bark	cancrous growth,urinary disorders
Baphia pubescens	Awewi	stem bark	antimicrobials,urinary infections
Bauhinia variegata		Root,leaves,bark	skin diseases,syphilis
Bauhinia caesalphiniaceae	Jinga	Root	Fever,dysentry
Berlinia grandiflora		Root,bark,stem	syphilis,skin diseases
Burkea africana	Apasa,orusi	Bark,twigs	Headache
Napoleona imperialis	Mabungi	twigs	Asthma,cough
Napoleona vogelii	ito,akbodo	whole plant	Diabetes,fever
Lycopodium cernuum	kuje-kuje	whole plant	New born skin management
Lawsonia inermis	Lalle	leaves,flower,bark	spermatorrhoea,jaundice,skin diseases
Species	Local names	Part used	Medicinal uses
Anthocleista djalonensis	shapo,kwari	bark,leaves	Purgative,rashes,eczema
Anthocleista vogelli	Apa oro,sapo	seeds,bark	Antidote for snake bite
Lobelia molleri		whole plant	Mental disorders,antimicrobial
Allium ascalonicum	Albasa maigo	Leaves, bulb	convulsion,dysentery
Allium cepa	Albsa	bulbs, leaves	cough, diuretic, antihelminthic
Allium sativum	Ayo, ayuu	bulb	fever,cough, asthma,antimicrobial
Aloe vera	ahon erin	leaves juice	purgative, guineaworms, breast cancer
Asparagus africana	aluki, sarka	whole plant	antimicrobial, kidney diseases
Gloriosa superba	mora, ewe-aje, baurere	tubers, leaves	gonorrhoea, headlice, antipyretic
Pancratium trianthum	alubosa-aloko, hatsin manoma	bulb	visual hallucinations, convulsions
Abelmochus esculentus	kubewa,ila	fruits,seeds	fever,gonorrhoea,catarrhal infections
Abutilon mauritianum	furu,kawo	leaves,roots	diarrhoea,piles,gonorrhea
Clappertonia facifolia	Bolobolo	leaves,roots	Cough
Hibiscus acetosella	Akese	leaves	Dysentery
Hibiscus asper	isapa,dangiraa	leaves	cough,wounds,diuretic
Hibiscus rosasinensis	kekeke,ireagu	leaves,stem,flower	influenza,wounds,diuretic
Hibiscus sabdariffa	sobo,gurguzuu	leaves,flowers	Diuretics,cough,dressing wounds
Hibiscus surattensis	Akonimara,emo	whole plant,leaves	Abdominal pain
Flabellaria peniculata	lagbo-lagbo	leaves	wound,cuts
Azadiracta indica	Dogon yaro,bedi	leaves,stem,bark,seeds	Malaria,jaundice,anthelmintics,syphilis
Ekebergia senegalensis	madacin dutse,ayape	trunk,bark,root	Insomnia,root powder induce sneezing
Chasmanthera dependens	Ato-oloriraun	root	Diuretic,management of fracture
Cissampelos owariensis	Damargaji	whole plant	Lung diseases,diuretic,blood tonics
Cocparnus pendulus		root	Antipyretic
Discoreophyllum cummisii	Inunurin	Fruits,leaves,root	Diabetes,Obesity
Embelia guineasis		leaves,root	Anthelmintics,skin diseases
Embelia schimperi	Kiru	stem-bark,leaves	Antispasmodic,anthelmintic
Gisekia pharmacicides		leaves,fruits	wounds,cut
Moringa oleifera	zogale,bagaruwar makka	whole plant	Inflammatory diseases,veneral diseases
Antiaris africana	Ooro, Ayo, Farinloko	stem-bark, root bark,sap	Epilepsy, lumbago,Irritation
Artocarpus altilis	Berefruit, Berefuruhu,Jaloke	Roots, Fruits, Wood	Fevers, Sedative
Dorstenia prorepens	Alaifo, Aloifo	Stem, Twig, Leaves	Nephrosis,antimicrobials
Ficus capensis	opoto, farin bauree	leaf,stem,root,fruits	Dysentery,oedema,leprosy,gonorrhoea
Ficus elegans	Asoro	leaves	piles,constipation,craw-craw
Ficus exasperata	Epin	leaves,bark,roots,seeds	stomach disorders,scabies,urinary ailments
Ficus mucosa	Janbaure	bark of stem	insomnia
Nymphaea lotus	Bado	whole plant	vomiting,anti-tumour
Boerhaavia diffusa	Baba juji,eso	bark,leaves,fruit,flower	Blood tonic,emolient
Neprolepsis bisserata	Iramu	whole plant	pregnancy booster
Jussiaea linifoliio	Bini-sensen	leaves	Malaria
Ludwigia suffruticossa	Ako ewuro odo	whole plant	Anthelmintics,purgative
Olax subscorpioidea	gwanon rafi	whole plant	Yellow fever,veneral diseases,mental disorders
Eulophia millosoni		Rhizome	Aphrodisiac
Lophira alata	Eki,uda	Root,bark,seeds,leaves	Fever,jaundice
Ouratea flava	Nkanka	leaves,fruit	Laxative,vitaminss
Opilia celtidifolia	Inuwar gada	Root,stem	Anthelmintics
Oxalis corniculata	oneku,tsuku	leaves	Fever,warts,boils
Adenia cissampeloides	arokeke,godogbo	leaves,stem,bark	hypertension,nervous disorders,antimicrobials
Adenia venenata	dodo,yaga,arokeke	whole plant	bronchitis,syphilis
Eichhornia crassipes	mako,omi	whole plant	Skin care
Hilleria latifolia	Ogo,akaato	whole plant	Breast cancer,urethral discharges
Sanguinolenta cryptolepia		root,stem	Antipyretic,antimicrobial,urinary infections
Pedalum murex		whole plant	Gonorrhoea,enlarged spleen
Antigonon leptopus		leaves	antimicrobials
Areca catechu		nut	urinary tract infections,anthelmintics
Borassus aaethiopum	Uburu	Roots,juie of nut	Respiratory disorders
Cocos nucifera	Agbon,kwakwa	bark,roots,nut	Bronchitis,liver ailments,scabies
Piper nigrum		Fruits	diuretic,piles,rheumatic pains
Piper umbellatum	eweefon,iwere	leaves,roots,fruits	Rheumatism,inflammatory tumours,diuretic
Gouania longipetata	Laghosa	stem-twigs	Gum infections
Amaralia bignoniflora	Unemuo	leaves,seeds	cough,rheumatic pain
Borreria verticillata	Irawo	leaves,seeds	Gonorrhoea,anti-leprosy,antibilharziasis
Cepphaelis manni		leaves,bark,roots	wounds,antipyretic,dysentry
Cinchona offinalis		bark	malaria,antibacterial
Coffea arabica	kofi,gahwa	kernels	stimulant,rheumatism,diuretic
Citrus aurantifolia	Dankabuya	whole plant	jaundice,abdominal ulcer,scurvy,antimicrobial
Citrus limon	Babban lemu	whole plant	Antipyretic,colds
Allphylus africanus	Alarto	leaves,root,bark	piles,veneral diseases,anthelmintics
Blighia unijugata	ako-isin	root,leaves,stem,bark	Diabetes,postanatal haemorrhage
Blighia sapida	gwanja kusa	leaves,fruits,bark	Malaria
Dodonaea viscosa		leaves	Sore throat
Brucea antidysentrica		root,bark	cancer
Hannoa klaineana	Takardar giwa,igigun	stem,root	Hypertension
Buchcholzia coriaceae	Uwuro	Fruit,bark	Antimicrobials,respiratory disorders
Cola acuminata	Oji	fruits,nuts	Fever
Cola caricifolia	Ogugu	leaves	Eye infections,ring worm
Cola laurifolia	Karanga	twigs,stem,bark	Toothache
Cola milleni	obi-edun	leaves,fruit	Ringworms,scabies
Cola nitida	Obi gbanjo	stem,bark,seeds,kernel	Diarrhoeas
Hildegradia barteri	Kariya	bark	Epilepsy
Butyrospermum paradoxum	kadanya,osisi	seeds	Nasal decongestion and cattarhal conditions
Chrysophyllum albidum	osan balumo	bark,leaves	Fever
Baccopa monnifera		whole plant	Cough,catarrh,bronchitis
Casearia barteri	Ukpakuzon	stem,twigs,bark	Oral hygeine
Gnidia kraussiana	mada,sungoje,tururibi	roor,stem	Leprosy,skin diseases
Leptogramma pillosiasaila		Rhizome	Diabetes,obesity
Glyphaea brevis	Atory	whole plant	Respiratory ailments
Grewia venusta	Dargaza	leaves,stem,twigs,bark	fever,boils,ease labour
Celtis midbraedii	uta,aziza	root	Arthritis
Clerodendrum paniculatum	ora-ojola,adabi	root,leaves	Anthpyretic,anthelmintics
Clerodendrum capitalum	Feregede,illiri	leaves,root	Anthelmintics,dysentry,gonorrhoea
Clerodendrum umbellatum		leaves	Wouns,cut
Duranta repens		fruits	Anthelmintics
Lantana camara	Kimba	leaves	fever,aniseptic
Lippia multiflora	Toromaba	whole plant	Hypertension,antipyretic
Hybanthus enneaspermus	Abiwere	whole plant	Easy and painless child delivery
Afrormosia granum-paraisi	oburo-wawa	roots	anthelmintics
Aframomum scretrum	oburo-etu,oguro	seeds,leaves	Measles,small pox
Aframomun melegueta	Citta	leaves,seeds	stimulant,anthelmintics,small pox
Curcuma longa	Gangamu	tubers	jaundice,anti-tumour,eye wash
Kaempfena nigerica		rhizome	Mental disorders,hallucinogenic agent
Balanites aegyptiaca	Aduwa,badure	root,fuits,seeds,bark	Anthelmintics,skin diseases
Guaiacum officinale		Stem	Urinary disorders,diuretic

Herbs of Turkey - Güroymak (Bitlis/Turkey) District (0 downloads )

Source: Demir Ü, Demir İ, 2022. Traditional Plants Used for Medicinal Purposes in Güroymak (Bitlis/Turkey) District.
Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11(2): 609-621

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