Title: Herbal Remedies for Combating Irradiation: a Green Anti-irradiation Approach Authors: Subramanion Jothy Lachumy, Chern Ein Oon, Subramanian Deivanai, Dharmaraj Saravanan, Soundararajan Vijayarathna, Yee Siew Choong, Chen Yeng, Lachimanan Yoga Latha, Sreenivasan Sasidharan Abstract Plants play important roles in human life not only as suppliers of oxygen but also as a fundamental resource to sustain the human race on this earthly plane. Plants also play a major role in our nutrition by converting energy from the sun during photosynthesis. In addition, plants have been used extensively in traditional medicine since time immemorial. Information in the biomedical literature has indicated that many natural herbs have been investigated for their efficacy against lethal irradiation. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that natural herbs possess significant radioprotective activity. In view of the immense medicinal importance of natural product based radioprotective agents, this review aims at compiling all currently available information on radioprotective agents from medicinal plants and herbs, especially the evaluation methods and mechanisms of action. In this review we particularly emphasize on ethnomedicinal uses, botany, phytochemistry, mechanisms of action and toxicology. We also describe modern techniques for evaluating herbal samples as radioprotective agents. The usage of herbal remedies for combating lethal irradiation is a green anti-irradiation approach for the betterment of human beings without high cost, side effects and toxicity.
| Plant species | Scientific names | Component | Activity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Solanum Lycopersicum | Carotenoids –lycopenes | antioxidant | Griffiths et al., 2005; Saraf and Kaur, 2010; Ravichandran et al., 2005 |
| Papaya | Carica papaya | L-ascorbic acid | Antioxidant and photoprotective | Vile, 1997 |
| Orange | Citrus sinensis | L-ascorbic acid | antioxidant | Cimino et al., 2007 |
| Lemon | Citrus limon | L-ascorbic acid | antioxidant | Apak et al., 2007 |
| Mango | Mangifera indica | L-ascorbic acid | antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. | Song et al., 2013 |
| Pomegranate | Punica granatum | ascorbic acid | antioxidant | Kumar et al., 2009 |
| Celery | Apium graveolens | Flavones – 5,7,4’- trihydroxystilibine | antioxidant and ROS scavenger | Griffiths et al., 2005; Svobova et al., 2003 |
| Red clover | Trifolium pratense | Isoflavone – Genistein | Inhibit UV induced peroxidase production | Widyarini et al., 2001 |
| Green tea | Camellia sinensis | Flavanol – Epigallocatechin gallate | antioxidant and ROS scavenger | Katiyar et al., 2000; 2001; Katiyar and Elmets, 2001; Higdon, 2007; Li et al., 2009; Sharangi, 2009; Kaur and Saraf, 2011b |
| Milk thistle | Silybum marianum | Stilbenoid- Silybin,silibinin, silidianin, Silychristin | anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory | Katiyar, 2002; Fguyer et al., 2003; Vaid and Katiyar, 2010 |
| Grape | Vitis vinifera | Stilbenoid- Resveratrol, Flavanol -proanthocyanidin | antioxidant and ROS scavenger | Afaq et al., 2003; Saraf and Kaur, 2010; Aziz et al., 2005; Mantena and Katiyar, 2006 |
| Apple | Malus domestica | Flavanoid-Quercetin | antioxidant | Erden Inal et al., 2001; Korac and Khambholja, 2001 |
| Boldo | Peumus boldus | Quercetin, Flavanol-catechin; aporphine | antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | Peter et al., 2006; Russo et al., 2011 |
| Turmeric | Curcuma longa | Phenolic -curcumin | anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, Photoprotective effect | Saraf and Kaur, 2010; Garcia Bores and Avila, 2008 |
| Aloe vera | Aloe barbadensis | antraquinones | Cellular repair | West and Zhu, 2003 |
| Rhubarb | Rheum rhaponticum | stilbene | antioxidant and ROS scavenger | Silveira et al., 2013 |
Reference
Herbal Remedies for Combating Irradiation: a Green Anti-irradiation Approach
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.10.5553
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