Science continues to grapple with the issue of HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). We recently heard how close they are to finding a cure. However, we have, in fact, heard this many times before.
While they work to find the elusive cure, the work of someone like Dr Sebi, who several decades earlier, won a court case proving he cures HIV/AIDS, continues to go unnoticed by the mainstream media. Dr Sebi’s emphasis was on the use of herbs to heal the body from any affliction, including HIV/AIDS.
The value of using medicinal plants for HIV/AIDS should not be ignored. Below is a table compiled by M. Krishnaveni published in the Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(12),5367-5379, providing a list of plants that have shown anti-HIV properties and the active components in most of these plants.
Table 1. List of Medicinal plants with Anti – HIV activity
S.No | Plant name / family name | Compound name | Activity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acer okamotoanum / Aceraceae | Flavonoid- Gallate ester | Anti-HIV-1 integrase activity | Kim HJ et.al 1998[55] |
2 | Ancistrocladus kor upensis / Ancistrocladaceae | Michellamines A and B | Inhibits reverse transcriptase, cellular fusion and syncytium formation | Boyd MRet.al 1994[56] |
3 | Agardhiella tenera / Areschougiaceae | Sulfonated polysaccharides | Inhibits HIV cytopathic effect | Witvrouw M et.al1994[57] |
4 | Achyrocline satureioides / Asteraceae | Dicaffeoylquinic acids: 3,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid, & 1- methoxyoxalyl-3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid | Irreversible inhibition of HIV-1 integrase | Zhu K et.al 1999[58] |
5 | Arctium lappa / Asteraceae | Wedelolactone, a coumarin derivative; Orobol | Inhibits HIV-1 replication; blocks cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 | Yao XJ et.al 1992[59] Bulletin of the World Health Organization 67 (6): 613-618,1989[20] |
6 | Arnebia euchroma / Boraginaceae | Monosodium and Monopotassium salts of isomeric caffeic acid tetramer | Inhibits HIV replication | Kashiwada Y 2000[60] |
7 | Acacia mellifera / Leguminosae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
|
8 | Azadirachta indica / Meliacea | Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
|
9 | Albizia gummifera / Legiuminosae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
|
10 | Aloe barbadensis / Liliaceae | Acemannan -Polymanoacetate | Reduce symptoms associated with HIV | Mc Daniel et.al 1988[62] |
11 | Aleurites moluccana / Euphorbiaceae | Prostratin-a phorbal ester | Anti HIV activity | Gustafson KR et.al 1992[63] |
12 | Artocarpus gomezianus / Moraceae | Anti HIV activity | Jagtap and Bapat et.al 2010[64] |
|
13 | Artocarpus reticulates / Moraceae | Anti HIV activity | Jagtap and Bapat et.al 2010[64] |
|
14 | Artocarpus heterophyllus / Moraceae | inhibition of HIV-1 RT activity | Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65] |
|
15 | Allium sativum / Liliaceae | effective against HIV infection by inhibiting virus replication,Inhibitory activity against HIV 1RT | Harris et al,2001[66] Kun Silprasitet.al2011[65] |
|
16 | Acorus calamus / Acoraceae | Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT | Kun Silprasitet.al2011[65] |
|
17 | Asparagus officinalis / Asparagaceae | Anti HIVactivity, Inhibition of gp120 binding | Anuya A Rege et.al 2010[67] |
|
18 | Andrographis Paniculata / Acanthaceae | Diterpene lactones (andrographolide) Andrograpanin -Bis-andrographolide ether | Inhibit cell-to-cell transmission, viral replication and syncytia formation in HIV-infected cells,Inhibition of HIV protease & reverse transcriptase | Otake T et.al 1995[68] Calabrese Cet.al2002[69] Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618, 1989[20] Tamura S et.al 2010[70] |
19 | Areca catechu / Arecaceae | Procyanidin | Inhibition of HIV protease | Kusomoto IT et.al 1995[71] |
20 | Alternanthera philoxeroides / Amaranthaceae | Inhibitory activity against HIV | Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618, 1989[20] |
|
21 | Agastache rugosa / Lamiaceae | Agastanol and Agastaquinone | Protease inhibitor | Min BS et.al 1999[72] |
22 | Alpinia galanga / Zingiberaceae | 1’S-1’-acetoxychavicol acetate | Anti HIV activity | Tamura S et.al 2010[70] |
23 | Anisomeles indica / Lamiaceae | Ovatodiolide | Anti HIV activity | Tamura S et.al 2010[70] |
24 | Ardisia japonica / Myrsinaceae | Ardimerin digallate | Anti HIV activity | Tamura S et.al 2010[70] |
25 | Artemisia capallaris / Compositae | Artemisidin A, Artemicapins A,B | Anti HIV activity | Tamura S et.al 2010[70] |
26 | B. micrantha / Euphorbiaceae | Inhibit RDDP & RNAse H | Pascal Obong Bessong et.al activity HIV -1 RT 2004[73] |
|
27 | Baccharis trinervis / Asteraceae | Inhibit early steps of virus replication, including virus-cell attachment, virus-cell fusion and cell-to-cell fusion | Sonsoles sanchez Palomino et.al 2002[74] |
|
28 | Boesenbergia pandurata / Zingiberaceae | Panduratin C, Uvangoletin | Anti HIV activity | Tamura S et.al 20100[70] |
29 | Bulbine natalensis / Asphodelaceae | Anti HIV activity | Afolayan AJ 2003[75] |
|
30 | Clusia torresii / Guttiferae | Polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives -Clusianone and 7-epi- clusianone | Anti HIV-1 activity | Piccinelli et al 2005[76] |
31 | Calophyllum lanigerum / Clusiaceae | Calanolide Calanolide A- Coumarins | reverse transcriptase inhibitor Anti HIV activity Inhibits reverse transcriptase | MaT et .al 2008[77] Laure F et.al 2008[78] CreaghT et.al 2001[79] Asres K et.al 2005[80] Kostova I et.al 2006[81] |
32 | Calophyllum braziliense / Clusiaceae | Calanolide A,B | Inhibit HIV-1 Reverse transcriptase activity | TamuraS et.al 2010[70] Huerta Reyes M et.al 2004[82] Garcia Zeadua Julio Cesar et.al 2011[83] |
33 | Celastrus hindsii / Celastraceae | Celasdin B | Anti-HIV replication activity, Anti HIV activity | Kuo YH 1997[84] Yang GX et.al 2005[85] |
34 | Callophyllum cordato oblongum / Clusiaceae | Cordatolide A and B (+)- Calanolide A | Inhibits HIV-1 replication Inhibits cytopathic effects of HIV-1 | Dharmaratne HRW et.al 2002[86] Xu ZQ et.al 2000[87] |
35 | Combretum molle / Combreataceae | Gallotannin, Punicalagin | Inhibits HIV-1 reverse Transcriptase Anti HIV activity | Bessong PO et.al 2005[88] Bodiwala HS et.al2009[89] |
36 | Crataegus pinatifida / Rosaceae | Uvaol and Ursolic acid | Inhibits HIV-1 protease | Min BS et.al 1999[72] |
37 | Cinnamomum loureiroi / Lauraceae | Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT | Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65] |
|
38 | Curcuma longa / Zingiberaceae | Curcumin | Inhibition of HIV integrase | Berthelemy S et.al 1998[90] |
39 | Ceriops decandra / Rhizophoraceae | Inhibit virus adsorption | Premanathan M et.al 1996[91] |
|
40 | Cinnamomum aromiticum / Lauraceae | Inhibit virus induced cytopathogenicity | Premanathan Met.al 2000[92] |
|
41 | Coptis chinensis / Ranunculaceae | Inhibitory activity against HIV | Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618,1989[20] |
|
42 | Crataegus pinnatifida / Rosaceae | Uvaol and Ursolic acid | Inhibits HIV-1 protease , Anti HIV activity | Min BS, Jung HJ et.al 1999[72] Bodiwala HS et.al2009[89] |
43 | Charysanthemum morifolium / Asteraceae | Apigenin 7-O-ß-D (4 caffeoyl) flavonoid glucuronide | Inhibits integrase | Lee JS et.al 2003[93] |
44 | Castanopsis hystrix / Fagaceae | Galloylquinates,Galloylshikimates | HIV-RT inhibition | Chang CW et.al 1995[94] |
45 | Calophyllum inophyllum / Clusiaceae | Inophyllum B,P | Anti HIV activity | Laure F et.al 2008[78] |
46 | Calophyllum teysmannii / Clusiaceae | Calanolide B, Saulattrolide | Anti HIV activity | Laure F et.al 2008[78] |
47 | Caranga rosea / Fabaceae | Scirpusin A,B | Anti HIV activity | Yang GX et.al 2005[85] |
48 | Clausena excavata / Rutaceae | Clausenolide-1 ethylether | Anti HIV activity | Lee J S et.al 2003[93] |
49 | Coleus forskohlii / Labiateae | Forskolin, 1-deoxyforskolin | Anti HIV activity | Bodiwala HS et.al2009[89] |
50 | Coleus parvifolius / Labiateae | Rosmarinic acid, Rosmarinic acid methyl ether | Anti HIV activity | Bodiwala HS et.al2009[89] |
51 | Cratoxylum arborescens / Clusiaceae | 1,3,8-trihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyxanthone | Anti HIV activity | Reutrakul V et.al 2006[95] |
52 | Croton tiglium / Euphorbiaceae | 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate | Anti HIV activity | Reutrakul V et.al 2006[95] |
53 | Detarium microcarpum / Leguminosae | Epicatechin Catechins 1-5 | Anti HIV activity Inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity in a non- specific way | Mehmood Net.al 1993[96] Moore PS et.al 1992[97] |
54 | Drymaria diandra / Caryophyllaceae | Drymaritin | Wetzel I et.al 2009[98] |
|
55 | Dryopteris crassirhizoma / Dryopteridaceae | Dryopteric acid A, B | Lee J S et.al 2008[99] |
|
56 | Dracaena loureiri / Agavaceae | Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT | Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65] |
|
57 | Diospyros lotus / Ebenaceae | Gallic acid | Inhibitor of HIV 1 replication by targeting the viral proteins that mediate late steps of HIV replication | Lu L et. al 2004[100] |
58 | Erigeron Breviscapus / Asteraceae | Scutellarin | Inhibited HIV-1 replication | Wang Q et.al 2004[101], Zhang GH et.al 2005[102] |
59 | Epimediumgrandiflorum / Berberidaceae | Inhibitory activity against HIV | Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618,1989[20] |
|
60 | Eugenia jambolona / Myrtaceae | Inhibition of HIV protease | KusomotoIT et.al 1995[71] |
|
61 | Erythrina abyssinica / Leguminosae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
|
62 | Erigeron breviscapus / Asteraceae | Humulus lupulus and Scutellarin | Inhibits HIV-1 replication | Wang Q et.al 2004[101], Zhang GH et.al 2005[102] |
63 | Eclipta prostrate / Asteraceae | Orobol, Wedelolactone | Anti HIV activity | Lee JS et.al 2008[99] |
64 | Epinetrum villosum / Menispermaceae | Cycleanine | Anti HIV activity | Lee JS et.al 2008[99] |
65 | Erythrina senegalensis / Fabaceae | Auriculatin, Erysenegalensein | Anti HIV activity | Lee J et.al |
66 | Euchresta formosana / Leguminosae | Formosanatin C, Euchretin M | Anti HIV activity | Lo WL et.al 2003[104] |
67 | Eugenia caryophyllata / Myrtaceae | Tellimagrandin I | Anti HIV activity | Lo WL et.al 2003[104] |
68 | Euphorbia poisonii / Euphorbiaceae | 12-deoxyphorbol-13-phenylacetate | Anti HIV activity | Lo WL et.al 2003[104] |
69 | Flammulina velutipes / Physalacriaceae | Velutin | Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Wang HX et.al 2001[105] |
70 | Ferula sumbul / Umbelliferae | Heraclenol, Imperatorin | Anti HIV activity | Zhou P et.al 2000[106] |
71 | Garcinia speciosa / Hypericaceae | Protostanes ,Garciosaterpene A,C | Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | |
72 | Glycyrrhiza glabra / Fabaceae | Glycyrrhizin | Inhibition of Giant cell formation, viral adsorption,Inhibited Infectivity, cytopathic activity, replication | Ito M et.al1987 [108], Ito M et.al 1988[37] |
73 | Gossypiumher baceum / Malvaceae | Gossypol | Inhibit viral replication | Lin TS et.al 1989[109] |
74 | Garcinia kingaensis / Clusiaceae | Anti HIV -1 protease activity | Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110] |
|
75 | Garcinia livingstoneii / Clusiaceae | Gutifferone A, | Anti HIV activity | Gustafson KR et. al, 1992[63] |
76 | Garcinia volkensis / Clusiaceae | Anti HIV -1 protease activity | Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110] |
|
77 | Garcinia semseii / Clusiaceae | Polyisoprenylated benzophenones, SemsinonesA-C | Anti HIV activity | Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110] |
78 | Garcinia edulis / Clusiaceae | Anti HIV -1 protease activity | Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110] |
|
79 | Garcinia Ferrea / Clusiaceae | Anti HIV -1 protease activity | Joseph J. Magadula 2010[110] |
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80 | Grewia mollis / Tiliaceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga 2002[61] |
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81 | Geum japonicum / Rosaceae | Maslinic acid | Inhibits HIV-1 protease | Xu HX 1996[111] |
82 | Garcinia hanburyii / Clusiaceae | Epoxymorellic acid | Anti HIV activity | Reutrakul V et.al 2007[112] |
83 | Gingko biloba / Ginkgoaceae | Cardanols, Bilobals | Anti HIV activity | Reutrakul V et.al 2007[112] |
84 | Garciniaman gostana / Clusiaceae | Mangostin | HIV-1 protease inhibition | Chen et.al 1996[113] |
85 | Glycosmis Montana / Rutaceae | 3-(3-hydroxymethyl-2-butenyl)-7-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1indole. | Anti HIV activity | Rajandeep Kaur et.al 2011[114] |
86 | Galanthus nivalis / Amaryllidaceae | G. nivalis agglutinin-GNA | Stops spread of HIV among lymphocytes GNA has specificity for terminal a(1-3)-linked mannose residues | Saidi H et.al 2007[115] |
87 | Humulus lupulus / Cannabaceae | Xanthohumol | Inhibited HIV-1 induced cytopathic effect | Wang et.al 2004[101], Zhang et.al 2005[102] |
88 | Helictrus isora / Sterculiaceae | Inhibition of HIV protease | OtakeT et.al 1995[68] |
|
89 | Hypoxis hemerocallidea / Hypoxidaceae | Bisi-Johnson MA et.al2010[116], Mills E et.al 2005[117] AhmadAet.al 2009[118] SADC Ministerial Consultative meeting 2002[120], Albrecht CF and Kruger PB et.al [121] |
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90 | Hippeastrum hybrids / Amaryllidaceae | Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin-HHA,and Mannose-binding | Stops spread of HIV among lymphocytes; most prominent anti-HIV activity is found among MBLs; HHA lectins- MBL Recognizes both terminal and internal á(1-3)- and á(1-6)- linked mannose | Saidi H et.al 2007[115] |
91 | Homolanthus nutans / Euphorbiaceae | Anti HIV activity | Gustafson KR et.al 1992[63] |
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92 | Hypericum perforatum / Clusiaceae | Hypericin, 3-hydroxy lauric acid | Inhibits HIV-1 replication | Birt DF et.al 2009[122], Lavie G et.al 1995[123] |
93 | Hemsleya endecaphylla | Cucurbitacin B | Anti HIV activity | Ito M et.al 1988[37] |
94 | Illicium verum / Illiciaceae | Illicinone A | Anti HIV activity | SongWY et.al 2007[124] |
95 | Inonotus obliquus / Hymenochaetaceae | Water-soluble lignins | Inhibits HIV-1 protease | IchimuraT et.al1998[125] |
96 | Juglans mandshurica /Juglandaceae | Taxifolin- dihydroquercetin | Inhibited cytopathic activity | Min BS et.al 2002[126], Matuse IT et.al1999[127] |
97 | Jatropha curcus / Euphorbiaceae | Corilagin | Anti HIV activity | Matuse IT et.al1999[127] |
98 | Kadsura angustifolia / Schisandraceae | Binankadsurin A | Anti HIV activity | Gao XM et.al 2008[128] |
99 | Kadsura longipedunculata / Schisandraceae | Kadlongirins B, Longipedunins A B C | Anti HIV activity | Sun QZ et.al 2006[129] |
100 | Kaempferia parvifolia / Zingiberaceae | 5-hyroxy-7-methoxyflavone, (5,7 dimethoxyflavone) | Anti HIV activity | Geitmann M et.al 2006[130] |
101 | Lentinus edodes / Agaricaceae | Sulfated lentinan | Prevents HIV-induced cytopathic effect | Suzuki H et.al 1989[131] |
102 | Lomatium suksdorfii / Apiaceae | Suksdorfin | Suppresses HIV viral 1 replication | Yu D et.al 2007[132], Zhang CF et.al 2002[133] |
103 | Lycopodium japonicum / Lycopodiaceae | Lucojapodine A | Anti HIV activity | He J et.al 2009[134] |
104 | Leptotrichilia / Meliaceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse ranscriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
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105 | Lawsonia inermis / Lythraceae | Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT | Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65] |
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106 | Lonicera japonica / Caprifoliaceae | Caffeolyl quinates | In vitro inhibitory activity against HIV—RT | Chang CW et.al 1995[94], Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613- 618,1989[20] |
107 | Lithospermum erythrorhizon / Boraginaceae | In vitro inhibitory activity against HIV | Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613- 618,1989[20] |
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108 | Leucojum vernum / Amaryllidaceae | Lycorine, Homolycorine | Anti HIV activity | Geitmann M et.al 2006[130] |
109 | Ligularia kanaitizensis / Aspidiaceae | 9 alpha-angloyloxypinoresinol | Anti HIV activity | Geitmann M et.al 2006[130] |
110 | Lindera chunii / Lauraceae | Hernandonine, Laurolistine | Anti HIV activity | Zhang CF et.al 2002[133] |
111 | Litsea verticillata / Lauraceae | Isolitseanes B, Oxyphyllenodiol B | Anti HIV activity | Zhang CF et.al 2002[133] |
112 | Melia azedarach / Meliaceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
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113 | Myrica salicifolia / Myricaceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
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114 | Maytenus buchnanii / Celastraceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
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115 | Maytenus Senegalensis / Celastraceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
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116 | Myrothamnus flabellifolius / Myrothamnaceae | Polyphenols, gallotannins, 3,4,5-tri-Ogalloylquinic acids. | Polyphenols protect cell membranes against free radical-induced damage; gallotannins have anti-burn properties; 3,4,5-tri- Ogalloylquinic acids have anti- HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity | Moore JP et.al 2007[135] |
117 | Musa acuminate / Musaceae | BanLec, a jacalin-related lectin | Blocks HIV entry, hence is a good microbicide; potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication | SwansonMD et.al 2010[136] |
118 | Marilalaxi flora / Clusiaceae | Laxofloranone | Inhibits reverse transcriptase | Bokesch HR et.al 2001[137] |
119 | Marila pluricostata / Clusiaceae | Mesuol | Anti HIV activity | He J et.al 2009[134] |
120 | Millettia erythrocalyx / Leguminoceae | Millettocalyxin, Oxyresveratrol | Anti HIV activity | He J et.al 2009[134] |
121 | Momordica charantia / Cucurbitaceae | MAP- 30 protein Kuguacins F-S | Inhibit intergase, RT of HIV Anti HIV activity | Wang YX et.al1999[138] He J et.al 2009[134] |
122 | Monotes africanus / Dipterocarpaceae | Lonchocarpol A | Anti HIV activity | Meragelman KM et.al 2001[139] |
123 | Murraya siamensis / Rutaceae | Siamenol | Anti HIV activity | Meragelman KM et.al 2000[140] |
124 | Ochna integerrima / Ochnaceae | Ochnaflavone 7’’O-methylether, 2’’,3’’-dihydroochnaflavone 7’’-O methylether | Anti HIV activity | Reutrakul Vand Ninguek Net.al 2007[112] |
125 | Ocimum sanctum / Lamiaceae | Highest inhibition of recombinant HIV -RT | Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65], Anuya A Rege A et.al 2010[67] |
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126 | Ocimum gratissimum / Lamiaceae | Reduction in HIV-1 RT activity | Ayisi and Nyadedzor et.al 2003[141] |
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127 | Polyalthia suberosa /Annonaceae | Lanostane-type triterpene, Suberosol | Anti-HIV replication activity | Li H et.al 1993[142] |
128 | Peltophorum africanum / Caesalpiniaceae | Gallotannin Catechin, betulinic acid | Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase Anti HIV activity | Bessong PO et.al 2005[88] Thoe A et.al 2009[143] |
129 | Phytolacca Americana / Phytolaccaceae | Pokeweed antiviral protein -PAP | Broad spectrum microbicide | D’cruz OJ et.al 2004[144] |
130 | Pipturus albidus / Urticaceae | Inhibit HIV growth | Christopher p et.al 1996[145] |
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131 | Prunus africana / Rosaceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
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132 | Portula caoleracea / Portulacaceae | Interfere with viral growth | Sharma PC et.al2005[146] |
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133 | Papaver somniferum / Papaveraceae | Papaverine | Interfere withH IV protein gp 120 | Turano A et.al 1989[147] |
134 | Psidium guajava / Myrtaceae | Procyanidine B2 | Inhibit HIV RT | Kakiuchi N et.al1991[148] |
135 | Phyllanthus emblica / Euphorbiaceae | Putranjivain A | Inhibit HIV RT | Mekkawy S et.al1995[149] |
136 | Peltophorum africanum / Fabaceae | betulinic acid (+)-Catechin a flavonoid Epicatechin and Epigallocatechin gallate Bergenin a C-galloylglycoside Gallotannin | Inhibits HIV-1 111B Inhibit 3, end processing activity of HIV -1 Inhibit Hiv -1 RT Inhibit the binding of GP120 Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Fujioka et.al 1994[150] Bessong et.al 2005[88] Tillekeratne et.al 2002[151] Piacente et.al 1996[152] Bessong et.al 2005[88] |
137 | Prunella vulgaris / Lamiaceae | Sulfonated polysaccharides | Inhibitory activity against HIV | ChangRS et.al1988[53], Ngan et.al 1989[54] |
138 | Pericampylus glaucas / Menispermaceae | Norruffscine, 8-oxotetrahydropalmatine | Anti HIV activity | Yan MH et.al 2008[153] |
139 | Phenax angustifolius / Urticaceae | Phenaxolactones | Anti HIV activity | Piccenelli ALet.al 2005[154], Mahmood N et.al 1993[96] |
140 | Phyllanthus amarus / Phyllanthaceae | Geraniin, Corilagin | Anti HIV activity | Piccenelli AL et.al 2005[154], Mahmood N et.al 1993[96] |
141 | Phyllanthus myritifolius / Phyllanthaceae | Retrojusticidin B | Anti HIV activity | Piccenelli AL et.al,2005[154], Mahmood N et.al 1993[96] |
142 | Pragnos tschimganica / Umbelliferae | Psolaren, Bergapten | Anti HIV activity | Shikishima Y et.al 2001[155] |
143 | Plumbago indica / Plumbaginaceae | Inhibitory effect againstHIV-1 RT | Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65] |
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144 | Psiadia dentate / Asteraceae | Isoobtusitin | Anti HIV activity | Shikishima Y et.al 2001[155] |
145 | Psychotria leptothyrsa / Rubaceae | Psyles A-F Cyclotides | Anti HIV activity | Shikishima Y et.al 2001[155] |
146 | Quercus myrsinifolia / Fagaceae | inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV cell growth | Vermani and Garg et.al 2002[156] |
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147 | Quercus stenophylla / Fabaceae | inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV cell growth | Vermani K and Garg S 2002[156] |
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148 | Quercus infectoria / Fabaceae | inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV cell growth | Vermani K and Garg S 2002[156] |
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149 | Quercus pedunculata / Fabaceae | inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV cell growth | Vermani K and Garg S2002[156] |
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150 | Rhus succedanea /Anacardiaceae. | Biflavonoids, robustaflavone and hinokiflavone | Inhibits HIV-1 reversetranscriptase | Lin YM et.al 1997[157] |
151 | Rhamnus staddo / Rhamnaceae. | Inhibition of HIV-1 reversetranscriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga et.al 2002[61] |
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152 | Rhus chinensis / Anacardiaceae | Rhuscolide -A, Moronic acid | Anti HIV activity | Gu Q et.al 2007[158] |
153 | Ridolfia segetum / Apiaceae | Phellandrene, Terpinolene | Anti HIV activity | Bicchi C et.al 2009[159] |
154 | Rosa damascene / Rosaceae | Tetrahydroxyflavonol | Anti HIV activity | Bicchi C et.al 2009[159] |
155 | Rosa woodsii / Rosaceae | Oleanolic acid | Anti HIV activity | Kashiwada Y et.al 1998[160] |
156 | Rhizophora mucronata / Rhizophoraceae | Highest inhibition of RNA dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV RT | Anuya A Rege et.al 2010[67] |
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157 | Scutellaria baicalensis / Lamiaceae | Baicalin calanolide-coumarins - f lavonoid, | Anti HIV activity Reverse transcriptase infection/entry, replication inhibit infectivity& replication of HIV A potent non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) | Wei Y et.al 2008[161] KitamuraK et.al 1998[162] Li Q et.al 2000[163] Min BS et.al 2002[126] FassinaG et.al 2002[164] Lee J S et.al 2003[93] PommierYet.al2005[165] Creagh T et.al 2001[79] Ases K et.al 2005[80] Kostova I et.al 2006[81] |
158 | Senecio scandens / Asteraceae | Inhibitory activity against HIV | Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618, 1989[20] |
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159 | Sapium indicum / Euphorbiaceae | Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 | KunSilprasit et.al 2011[65] |
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160 | Sideritis akmanii / Lamiaceae | Sulfonated polysaccharides, linearol | Anti-HIV replication | Bruno M et.al 2002[166] |
161 | Sutherlandia Frutescens / Liguminosae | L-canavanine,D-pinitol | Anti viral activity Treat HIV infection | Green M et.al 1988[167] Oslund R et.al 1996[168] Gericke N et.al2001[169] Dalvi S et.al 2003[170] |
162 | Swertia franchetiana / Gentianaceae | Flavonone-xanthone glucoside | Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Wang JN et.al 1994[171] |
163 | Symphonia globulifera / Clusiaceae | Guttiferone A | Inhibits cytopathic effects of HIV | Gustafson KR et.al 1992[63] |
164 | Salvia miltiorrhyza / Lamiaceae | Lithospermic acid | Anti HIV activity | Kashiwada Y et.al 1998[160] |
165 | Salvia officinalis / Lamiaceae | Ferulic acid, isoferulic acid | Anti HIV activity | Bailly F et.al 2005[172] |
166 | Salvia yunnanensis / Lamiaceae | Methyl salvianolate Cis-lithospermic acid | Anti HIV activity | Zhang ZF et.al 2008[173] |
167 | Saururus chinenisis / Saururaceae | Manassantin A, Saururin B | Anti HIV activity | Lee J et.al 2010[174] |
168 | Schisandra lancifolia / Schisandraceae | Lancifoic acid, Nigranoic acid | Anti HIV activity | Xiao WL et.al 2006[175] |
169 | Schisandra propinqua / Schisandraceae | Tiegusanins G | Anti HIV activity | Li XN et.al 2009[176] |
170 | Schisandra rubiflora / Schisandraceae | Rubrisandrins A B | Anti HIV activity | Xiao WL et.al 2001[177] |
171 | Schisandra sphenanthera / Schisandraceae | Sphenadilactone C | Anti HIV activity | Xiao WL et.al 2001[177] |
172 | Schisandra wilsoniana / Schisandraceae | Wilsonilignans A B C | Anti HIV activity | Yang GY et.al 2010[178] |
173 | Stauntonia obovatifoliola / Malvaceae | 16 beta-hydroxylupane-1,20 (29) -diene-3one | Anti HIV activity | Wei Y et.al 2008[179] |
174 | Stephania cepharantha / Menispermaceae | Cepharanthine Aromoline | Inhibits HIV replication Anti HIV activity | Ma CM et.al 2002[180] Ma CM et.al 2002[180] |
175 | Strychnos vanprukii / Loganiaceae | 3-beta-O-trans-feruloylbetulinic acid,3-beta-O-trans-coumaroylbetulinic acid | Anti HIV activity | Ma CM et.al 2002[180] |
176 | Thalassia testudunium / Hydrocharitaceae | Thalassiolins | Anti HIV activity | RowleyDCet.al2002[181] |
177 | Tieghemella heckelii / Sapotaceae | Arganine C | Anti HIV activity | RowleyDCet.al2002[181] |
178 | Trigonostemon thyrsoideum / Euphorbiaceae | Trigonothyrins C | Anti HIV activity | Zhang L et.al 2010[182] |
179 | Trigonos temonlii / Euphorbiaceae | Trigonoliimines A | Anti HIV activity | Tan CJ et.al 2010[183] |
180 | Tripterigiumhy poglaucam / Berberidaceae | Triptonine B | Anti HIV activity | Duan H et.al 2000[184] |
181 | Tripterigium wilfordii / Celastraceae | Diterpene lactones (nortripterifordin) Trifordine A B C | Inhibits HIV replication Anti HIV activity | Duan H et.al 2000[184] HoriuchMet.al 2006[185] |
182 | Terminalia chebula / Combretaceae | Gallic acid and galloyl glucose | Inhibits HIV reversetranscriptase and integrase | Ahn MJ 2002[186], Sharma Pcet.al2005[146][61] |
183 | Toddalia asiatica / Rutaceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga 2002 |
|
184 | Terminalia sericea / Combrataceae | strongest inhibition against HIV-1 RT RDDP and Rnase functions. | Pascal Obong Bessong 2004et.al[73] |
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185 | Tinospora cordifolia / Menispermaceae | Inhibition of gp 120 binding | Anuya A Rege et.al 2010[67] |
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186 | Terminalia arjuna / Combrataceae | Inhibition of HIV protease | KusomotoITet.al1995[71] |
|
187 | Terminalia bellerica / Combrataceae | chebulagic acid, punicalin, punicalagin & punicacortin | Inhibit HIV RT, viral adsorption | Mekkawy S 1995[149] |
188 | Terminalia. horrida / Combrataceae | Inhibit HIV RT | Mekkawy S 1995[149] |
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189 | Vatica astrotricha / Dipterocarpaceae | Dipterocarpaceae/6,8-diprenylaromadendrin and 6,8-diprenylkaempferol | Inhibits HIV-1 entry and replication | Park I-W 2009[187] |
190 | Vitex negundo / Lamiaceae | Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 RT | Kun Silprasit et.al 2011[65] |
|
191 | Viola yedoensis / Violaceae | Sulfonated polysaccharides | Invitro inhibitory activity against HIV | Chang RS et.al1988[53], Ngan et.al 1989[54] |
192 | Vatica cinerea / Dipterocarpaceae | Vaticinone | Inhibited replication | Zhang HJ et.al 2003[188] |
193 | Woodwardia unigemmata / Blechnaceae | Invitro inhibitory activity against HIV | Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67 (6): 613-618, 1989[20] |
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194 | Warburgia ugandensis / Canellaceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga 2002[61] |
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195 | White birch tree / Betulaceae | Betulinic acid - pentacyclic triterpene inhibit maturation of the HIV-1 Gag precursor | Kashiwada Y1996[189] Li Fet.al2003[190] Yu D et.al 2005[191] Yu D et.al 2007[192] |
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196 | Xanthoxylum chalybeum / Rutaceae | Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | Geoffrey M Rukunga 2002[61] |
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