List of medicinal and aromatic species with high priority for germplasm collection and conservation in Brazil with a special focus on Caatinga
| Species | Common name | Habit | Active substance/ pharmacological action | Region | Conservation form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achyrocline satureioides L. | Macela | Herb | Hypotensive, spasmolytic | Cerrado | Field collection |
| Ageratum conyzoides L. | Mentrasto | Herb | Anti-inflammatory | Ruderal | Field collection |
| Amburana cearensis(Allemaõ) A.C. Sm | Cumaru | Tree | Sinusitis | Caatinga | In situ, field |
| Anadenanthera columbrina (Vell) Brenan | Sngico | Tree | Grippe | Atlantic Forest, Caatinga | Field collection |
| Aniba roseodora Ducke | Pau rosa | Tree | Linalool | Amazon forest | In situ |
| Apodanthera congestiflora Cogn | Cabeça-de-negro | climbing | Blood purifying, | Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica, Pampa, Pantanal | Field |
| Astronium urundeuva (Fr. All.) Engl. | Aroeira | Tree | Anti- inflammatory, anti-ulceric | Cerrado | In situ, cold chamber |
| Baccharis trimera DC. | Carqueja | Herb | Hepatic disturbs | Ruderal | Field collection |
| Bauhinia forficata L. | Pata de Vaca | Tree | Diabetes | Atlantic forest | Cold chamber |
| Boerhavia diffusa L. | Pega-pinto | Herb | blood purifying, hepatitis and diarrhea | Atlantic forest | Cultivate field |
| Caryocar brasiliensis Camb. | Pequi | Tree | Anti-inflammatory | Cerrado | In situ |
| Chenopodium ambrosioides L. | Mastruz | Herb | fracture, gastritis, vermifuge | Atlantic Forest | Field |
| Copaifera langsdorffi Desf. | Copaiba | Tree | Oil, anti-inflammatory | Cerrado | In situ, cold chamber |
| Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. | Catingueira | Tree | Grippe | Caatinga | Field Caatinga |
| Cereus jamacaru | Mandacaru | Tree | Grippe, kidneys | Caatinga | In situ, field |
| Croton cajucara Benth. | Sacaca | Herb | Linalool | Amazon | Field collection |
| Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoff. | Cunha | Shrub | Anetol, eugenol | Caatinga | Field collection |
| Datura insignis B. Rodr. | Toe | Shrub | Escopolamina | Amazon forest | Cold chamber |
| Dimorphandra mollis Benth. | Faveiro | Tree | Rutin, anti-hemorragic | Cerrado | Cold chamber |
| Echinodorus macrophyllus(Kunth.) Mich | Chapeu de Couro | Herb | Diuretic | Cerrado | Field collection, cold chamber |
| Erythrina verna Vell. Conc. | Mulungu | Tree | anxiolytics and anticonvulsants | Atlantic Forest | Field collection |
| Harrisia adscendens | Rabo-de- raposa | Shrub | Kidneys, prostate, toothache | Caatinga | In situ, field |
| Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Baill. | Batat de Tiu Shrub | Jatrophone | Cerrado | In situ, field collection |
|
| Lippia spp. | Alecrim pimenta Shrub | Source of volatile oils, anti-microbial | Caatinga | Field collection |
|
| Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn | Cabacinha, buchinha | Climbing | Sinusitis | All Brasil | Field and plantations |
| Lychnophora ericoides Mart.; L. salicifolia Mart. | Arnica do Cerrado | Shrub | Volatile oils | Cerrado | Field collection, in situ |
| Mandevilla vellutina Mart. | Serra dos Órgãos | Shrub | Anti-inflammatory, bradykynin antagonist | Cerrado | In situ, field collection |
| Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex. Reiss; M. aquifolium Mart. | Espinheira Santa | Tree | Anti-ulceric | Meridional forest | Cold chamber, in situ |
| Melocactus zehntneri | Cabeça-de- frade, coroa-de- frade | Cactus 20 cm | Gripe, mulligrubs | Caatinga | In situ, field |
| Mikania glomerata Spreng. | Guaco | Herb | Bronchitis, coughs | Atlantic forest | Field collection |
| Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poir | Jurema Preta | Tree | Anti inflammatory | Caatinga | Field collection |
| Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer | Canela Sassafraz | Tree | Safrol, metileugenol | Atlantic forest | In situ |
| Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Farwel | Batata de Purga | Herb | Purgative | Caatinga | Cold chamber |
| Opuntia palmadora | Palmatoria do sertão | Shrub | Urethra problem | Caatinga | In situ, field |
| Piper hispidinervum DC. | Pimenta longa | Herb | Safrol | Amazon | Cold chamber, eld collection |
| Pfaffia paniculata (Martius) Kuntze | Ginseng brasileiro | Herb | Antitumor compounds | Margins of Parana river | Cold chamber, eld collection |
| Phyllanthus niruri L. | Quebra pedra | Herb | Hepatitis B, renal calculus | Ruderal | Cold chamber |
| Phyllanthus niruri L. | Quebra pedra | Herb | Kidney desease | Atlantic Field | Field collection |
| Pilosocereus gounellei F.A.C. Webber ex K. Schum | Xique-xique | Shrub | Rheumatism, crowfoot | Caatinga | In situ, field |
| Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf. | Jaborandi | Shrub | Pilocarpine | Amazon forest | Cold chamber, in situ |
| Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes | Ipecac | Herb | Emetin, cefaline | Amazon and Atlantic forest | Cold chamber, in situ |
| Pterodon emarginatus Vogel | Sucupira | Tree | Analgesic, antinoceptive, cercaricide | Cerrado | In situ, cold chamber |
| Senna ocidentallis (L.) Link | Manjerioba, Fedegoso | Shrub | Lowering the blood pressure as well as the blood Cholesterol | All Brasil | Field |
| Solanum mauritianum Scopoli | Cuvitinga | Shrub | Solasodine | Ruderal, southeast and southern Brazil | Cold chamber |
| Stryphnodendron Adstringens (Mart.) Coville | Barbatimao | Tree | Tannin, anti-inflammatory | Cerrado | In situ, cold chamber |
| Tabebuia avellanedae (Lor.) ex. Griseb. | Ipe roxo | Tree | Lapachol | Cerrado | In situ |
| Vanillosmopsis arborea(Aguiar) Ducke | Candeia | Shrub | Bisabolol | Caatinga | In situ, field Collection |
| Vitex gardneriana Schauer | Jaramataia | Tree | Vermicide, soothing and anti- inammatory | Caatinga | Field Collection |
| Ximenia Americana L. | Ameixa da caatinga | Shrub | Anti- inammatory | Caatinga | Field Bahia |
Download – Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in South America – Brazil
Source: Introduction to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Brazil by Ákos Máthé and José Crisólogo de Sales Silva
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